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Physical Review A

Spin model in the effective staggered magnetic field in optical lattices

Huirong Zhang, Qiuyi Guo, Zhaoyuan Ma, Xuzong Chen

Published Apr 18, 2013• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Ultracold atoms with two hyperfine internal states in optical lattices are proposed to demonstrate a two-dimensional spin-$1/2$ model under a transverse effective staggered magnetic field. The transverse magnetic field is produced by a Raman process and can be modulated by the intensities of the additional light fields. This optical lattice protocol can investigate magnetic quantum phenomena induced by the effective staggered magnetic field in a wider parameter range with controllable interaction between the spins of the nearest-neighbor atoms.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.043625

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Ultracold atoms with two hyperfine internal states in optical lattices are proposed to demonstrate a two-dimensional spin-1/21/21/2 model under a transverse effective staggered magnetic field. The transverse magnetic field is produced by a Raman process and can be modulated by the intensities of the additional light fields. This optical lattice protocol can investigate magnetic quantum phenomena induced by the effective staggered magnetic field in a wider parameter range with controllable interaction between the spins of the nearest-neighbor atoms.
Abstract We propose a novel method for the realization of an optical Kagome lattice due to the Raman processes driven by additional light fields applied to the ultracold atoms of two hyperfine internal states trapped in a planar optical triangular lattice. The tunneling between the different internal states of the nearest-neighbor atoms in Kagome lattices can be adjusted by the additional light fields independently of the on-site interaction. This optical lattice protocol can be used to investigate the magnetic quantum phenomena and the nearest-neighbor magnetic coupling becomes strong enough by increasing the intensities of the additional light fields.
We show that the dynamics of cold bosonic atoms in a two-dimensional square optical lattice produced by a bichromatic light-shift potential is described by a Bose-Hubbard model with an additional effective staggered magnetic field. In addition to the known uniform superfluid and Mott insulating phases, the zero-temperature phase diagram exhibits a novel kind of finite-momentum superfluid phase, characterized by a quantized staggered rotational flux. An extension for fermionic atoms leads to an anisotropic Dirac spectrum, which is relevant to graphene and high-T(c) superconductors.
We use Raman-assisted tunneling in an optical superlattice to generate large tunable effective magnetic fields for ultracold atoms. When hopping in the lattice, the accumulated phase shift by an atom is equivalent to the Aharonov-Bohm phase of a charged particle exposed to a staggered magnetic field of large magnitude, on the order of one flux quantum per plaquette. We study the ground state of this system and observe that the frustration induced by the magnetic field can lead to a degenerate ground state for non-interacting particles. We provide a measurement of the local phase acquired from Raman-induced tunneling, demonstrating time-reversal symmetry breaking of the underlying Hamiltonian. Furthermore, the quantum cyclotron orbit of single atoms in the lattice exposed to the magnetic field is directly revealed.
With ultracold atoms in an optical lattice, we propose an experimental scheme to simulate and detect the integer quantum Hall effect and a peculiar phase transition in a uniform magnetic field and an additional staggered magnetic field. The phase transition is characterized by the direct change from Hall plateau state $N\ensuremath{-}1$ to $\ensuremath{-}1$ due to Chern number redistribution when the staggered magnetic field is varied. We propose the possibility to observe the Hall conductivity and the phase transition by varying experimental parameters and measuring the number density of the ultracold atoms.
We use Raman-assisted tunneling in an optical superlattice to generate large tunable effective magnetic fields for ultracold atoms. When hopping in the lattice, the accumulated phase shift by an atom is equivalent to the Aharonov-Bohm phase of a charged particle exposed to a staggered magnetic field of large magnitude, on the order of 1 flux quantum per plaquette. We study the ground state of this system and observe that the frustration induced by the magnetic field can lead to a degenerate ground state for noninteracting particles. We provide a measurement of the local phase acquired from Raman-induced tunneling, demonstrating time-reversal symmetry breaking of the underlying Hamiltonian. Furthermore, the quantum cyclotron orbit of single atoms in the lattice exposed to the magnetic field is directly revealed.