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Physical Review A

Optical-dipole trapping of Sr atoms at a high phase-space density

T. Ido, Yoshitomo Isoya, Hidetoshi Katori

Published May 2, 2000• 103 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Employing a far-off resonance optical-dipole trap (FORT), we attained a phase-space density exceeding 0.1, or an order to quantum degeneracy. Strontium atoms were magneto-optically cooled and trapped using the spin-forbidden ${}^{1}{S}_{0}{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}{P}_{1}$ transition and then compressed into a FORT that was designed to allow simultaneous Doppler cooling. We discussed that the phase-space density was finally limited by the light-assisted collisions occurring in the optical cooling.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.61.061403

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Physical Review Letters•Mar 20, 2003•131 citations
Employing a far-off resonance optical-dipole trap (FORT), we attained a phase-space density exceeding 0.1, or an order to quantum degeneracy. Strontium atoms were magneto-optically cooled and trapped using the spin-forbidden 1S0\ensuremath−3P1{}^{1}{S}_{0}{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}{P}_{1}1S0​\ensuremath−3P1​ transition and then compressed into a FORT that was designed to allow simultaneous Doppler cooling. We discussed that the phase-space density was finally limited by the light-assisted collisions occurring in the optical cooling.
We report on a narrow-line laser cooling and trapping of strontium atoms near quantum degeneracy. Employing a magneto-optical trap (MOT) on the spin-forbidden transition 1S0−3P1 at 689 nm, we have laser-cooled an atomic sample down to the photon recoil temperature of 400 nK with a phase space density of 10−2. The atoms were then compressed into a new type of far-off resonance optical dipole trap that was designed to allow simultaneous Doppler cooling, resulting in a phase space density of 10% to that required for quantum degeneracy. It is shown that this value is finally limited by light-assisted collisions occurring in the optical cooling. To reduce these inelastic losses, we applied evaporative cooling and demonstrated a creation of two-dimensional atomic gases.
We propose and demonstrate a novel far-off-resonance optical dipole trap (FORT) that is compatible with Doppler cooling. Strontium atoms are magneto-optically cooled and trapped by the spin-forbidden transition 1 S 0 - 3 P 1 at 689 nm, while the tight-focused infrared laser couples these two states to the respective dipole-allowed singlet and triplet states to generate the same amount of light shift. These designed light shifts for the cooling transition, enabling simultaneous Doppler cooling and dipole trapping, lead to the efficient loading of cooled atoms into the FORT with a few recoil energies. This scheme provides an important step towards the realization of quantum degenerate strontium atoms by purely optical means.
We report narrow-line laser cooling and trapping of strontium atoms down to the photon recoil temperature. 88Sr{}^{88}\mathrm{Sr}88Sr atoms precooled by the broad $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{-}^{1}P_{1}$ transition at 461 nm were further cooled in a magneto-optical trap using the spin-forbidden transition $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{-}^{3}P_{1}$ at 689 nm. We have thus obtained an atomic sample with a density over ${10}^{12}\mathrm{cm}{}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and a minimum temperature of 400 nK, corresponding to a maximum phase space density of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ which is 3 orders of magnitude larger than the value that has been obtained by magneto-optical traps to date. This scheme provides us an opportunity and system to study quantum statistical properties of degenerate fermions as well as bosons.
We present the simultaneous cooling and trapping of an isotopic mixture in a magneto-optical trap and describe the transfer of the mixture into a conservative, far-off-resonant dipole trap. The mixture is prepared with a technique that applies to intermediate and heavy alkaline-earth-metal-like atoms. In this work, 88Sr^{88}\mathrm{Sr}88Sr and 86Sr^{86}\mathrm{Sr}86Sr are simultaneously loaded first into the magneto-optical trap operated on the $^{1}S_{0}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}P_{1}$ spin-forbidden line at 689 nm, and then transferred into the dipole trap. We observe fast interspecies thermalization in the dipole trap which allows one to set a lower bound on the $^{88}\mathrm{Sr}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{86}\mathrm{Sr}$ elastic cross section.
Summary form only given. All-optical production of quantum degenerate atomic gases has been one of the long-standing targets in laser cooling. We report a novel approach towards this direction based on a narrow-line laser cooling for strontium atoms. By employing two transitions with markedly different dipole moments, i.e., the allowed /sup 1/S/sub 0/-/sup 1/P/sub 1/ (/spl lambda/=461 nm, /spl gamma/=2/spl pi//spl times/32 MHz) and the spin-forbidden /sup 1/S/sub 0/-/sup 3/P/sub 1/ (/spl lambda/=689 nm, /spl gamma/=2/spl pi//spl times/7.6 kHz) transition, thermal strontium atoms were Doppler-cooled down to 400 nK or the photon recoil temperature, in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). Presents the corresponding energy levels for cooling and trapping. The use of a narrow spin-forbidden transition successfully reduced the radiation trapping effects at a high atom density over 10/sup 12//cm/sup 3/, thus enabling us to attain the hitherto high phase space density of 0.01 in a MOT.
A dynamic magneto-optical trap, which relies on the rapid randomization of population in Zeeman substates, has been demonstrated for fermionic strontium atoms on the $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{-}^{3}P_{1}$ intercombination transition. The obtained sample, $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms at a temperature of $2\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ in the trap, was further Doppler cooled and polarized in a far-off resonant optical lattice to achieve 2 times the Fermi temperature.