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Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

Metal-insulator transition in highly correlated systems

C. A. Büsser, E. V. Anda, Laura Urba, Valeria Paola Ferrari, G. Chiappe

Published Jan 1, 1998• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s0304-8853(97)00995-5

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Correlation functions and correlation lengths are frequently used to describe phase transitions in quantum systems, but they require an explicit choice of observables. The recently introduced information lattice instead provides an observable-independent way to identify where and at which scale information is contained in quantum lattice models. Here, we use it to study the difference between the metallic and insulating regime of one-dimensional noninteracting tight-binding chains. We find that the information per scale follows a power law in metals at low temperature and that Friedel-like oscillations are visible in the information lattice. At high temperature or in insulators at low temperature, the information per scale decays exponentially. Thus, the information lattice is a useful tool for analyzing the metal-insulator transition.
This chapter focuses on studies of the critical behavior of conductivity in two-dimensional electron systems (2DES) with different amounts and types of disorder as well as different ranges of Coulomb interactions, in order to identify possible universality classes of the 2D metal-insulator transition (MIT). It discusses the manifestations of glassiness in both low- and high-disorder samples. The chapter examines the critical region near the 2D MIT in particular on describing conductivity measurements that have demonstrated dynamical scaling, the main signature of the MIT as a quantum phase transition. It also focuses on experiments that probe the nature of the insulating state, as well as charge dynamics across the MIT, in both high- and low-disorder 2DESs. There is substantial evidence that in many materials near the MIT both strong electronic correlations and disorder play an important role, and thus their competition is expected to lead to glassy behavior of electrons, in analogy with other frustrated systems.
Transitions between the Mott insulator and metals in clean systems are analyzed with the scaling theory in terms of quantum critical phenomena. In the case of generic transitions controlled by the filling, the scaling theory is established from analyses of the Drude weight and the compressibility based on hyperscaling. In the transition to the Mott insulator, a new universality class with the correlation length exponent ν<1/2 and the dynamical exponent z >2 is derived, which is in contrast to the transition to the band insulator characterized by ν=1/2 and z =2. The unusual exponents lead to various anomalous characters of metals near the Mott insulator such as strong suppression of the degeneracy temperature, and nonlinear dependence of the Drude weight on the doping concentration. Remarkable properties are also found in the specific heat, the compressibility and spin correlations. A mechanism of high temperature superconductivity is discussed in terms of the release from the suppressed coherence.