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Journal of Physics C Solid State Physics

A renormalisation group approach to a quantum spin system

Leigh Sneddon, Robin B. Stinchcombe

Published Sep 28, 1979• 29 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The phenomenological renormalisation group transformation, introduced by Nightingale (1976), is extended to a form suitable for the study of a quantum mechanical system at T=0. The spin- 1 / 2 Ising model in a transverse field Gamma , in one and two dimensions, is considered. The new scaling form, called phenomenological time scaling, is derived by exploiting the connection between a d dimensional quantum mechanical system at T=0 and a (d+1) dimensional classical system in the anisotropic limit of weakly coupled chains. Estimates are made of the critical field Gamma c and the exponent nu associated with the vanishing of the first excitation energy at T=0. These results also provide some information about the thermal critical behaviour of the anisotropic three-dimensional Ising model.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3719/12/18/021

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Journal of Physics C Solid State Physics•Jun 10, 1981•10 citations
The phenomenological renormalisation group transformation, introduced by Nightingale (1976), is extended to a form suitable for the study of a quantum mechanical system at T=0. The spin- 1 / 2 Ising model in a transverse field Gamma , in one and two dimensions, is considered. The new scaling form, called phenomenological time scaling, is derived by exploiting the connection between a d dimensional quantum mechanical system at T=0 and a (d+1) dimensional classical system in the anisotropic limit of weakly coupled chains. Estimates are made of the critical field Gamma c and the exponent nu associated with the vanishing of the first excitation energy at T=0. These results also provide some information about the thermal critical behaviour of the anisotropic three-dimensional Ising model.
The critical behaviour of the spin- Ising model with a transverse field at zero temperature in triangular and square lattices is investigated through a finite-size rescaling transformation. This technique enables the critical properties of infinite systems to be calculated from the scaling properties of systems of finite size, in a generalisation of the so-called phenomenological renormalisation group. The critical field and correlation length exponent calculated using systems of fairly small sizes have reasonable accuracy, but calculations on larger clusters are limited by computer time and storage.
The random Ising model in a transverse field in one dimension with Hamiltonian H=- Sigma ( Gamma i S i z +J i S i x S i+1 x ) is studied at T=O from a real-space renormalisation group block method which preserves duality transformations. The ground state magnetisation and the ground state energy are determined for random distributions P(J)(P( Gamma ))=N J J NJ-1 /J 0 N(J) for 0<J<J 0 and P(J)=0 for J>J O . A new critical behaviour corresponding to a new fixed point takes place in the presence of disorder. The crossover exponent describing the departure from the pure system behaviour is calculated. The second derivative of the ground state energy delta 2 E/ delta Gamma 2 which diverges logarithmically for the pure system is rounded in the presence of disorder but a sharp transition field still exists where the magnetisation goes to zero with an exponent beta about twice as large as the pure system exponent. Comparison is made with the analytical results of McCoy and Wu (1969) for the classical equivalent random-striped Ising 2D model.
The mean-field renormalisation group approach is applied to the anisotropic Ising model by considering clusters consisting of finite blocks of spins and clusters consisting of infinite strips of spins with the finite widths. The critical temperature and estimates of the critical exponent nu are obtained as functions of the anisotropy. A two-step renormalisation group procedure using a phenomenological renormalisation transformation is also presented. In general, the results for nu are consistent with universality arguments.
The field theoretical renormalisation group method, which correctly describes the critical as well as the multicritical (at zero temperature) behaviours of the quantum mechanical d-dimensional Ising model in a transverse magnetic field, is proposed. Due to the introduction of the additional renormalisation the singularities associated with zero temperature have been removed. The crossover scaling form of the inverse correlation length and longitudinal susceptibility are considered for the following spatial dimensions d:2<d<3, d=3 and 3<d<4. For 2<d<3, d=3 and 3<d<4 the calculations are performed to the first order in 3-d and 4-d, respectively.