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Physical Review A

Electromagnetically induced transparency with a partially standing drive field

Dmitry Strekalov, Andrey B. Matsko, Nan Yu

Published Nov 20, 2007• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study electromagnetically induced transparency in a vacuum rubidium atomic cell and show that reflected drive radiation results in the reshaping and shift of dark resonance. We show that those effects are connected with (i) Bragg reflection of the probe radiation in optically thick atomic coherent medium modulated by the standing-wave drive field, as well as with (ii) quantum interference enhanced absorption of the probe radiation in four-level N-configuration formed due to the reflected drive field.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.76.053828

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We study electromagnetically induced transparency in a vacuum rubidium atomic cell and show that reflected drive radiation results in the reshaping and shift of dark resonance. We show that those effects are connected with (i) Bragg reflection of the probe radiation in optically thick atomic coherent medium modulated by the standing-wave drive field, as well as with (ii) quantum interference enhanced absorption of the probe radiation in four-level N-configuration formed due to the reflected drive field.
We present the transformation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) into narrow enhanced absorption with an on-resonant standing-wave coupling field in the 5S(1/2)-5P(1/2) transition of the Lambda-type system of (87)Rb atoms. When a coupling laser field was changed from a travelling-wave to a standing-wave that was made by adding a counter-propagating L(C) laser, the transmittance spectrum of the L(P) laser transformed the typical EIT into dramatically enhanced absorption, and a Bragg reflection signal was generated by the periodic modulation of atomic absorption. The reflected probe laser corresponding to a Bragg reflection was measured to be approximately 11.5% of the power of the incident probe laser. We analyzed the enhanced absorption signal and Bragg reflection spectrum as a function of the power and frequency detuning of the coupling laser.
When a four-level Y\mathsf{Y}Y-type atom with two highest nearly degenerate lying levels interacts with the same vacuum radiation field, its excited levels have vacuum-induced coherence due to the quantum interference between the spontaneous decay channels. We consider the effects of the vacuum-induced coherence on the electromagnetically induced transparency against single- and two-photon absorption in the atomic system. We find that the vacuum-induced coherence can lead to probe gain without incoherent pumping. On the other hand, the coherence can suppress the two-photon transparency, even in some cases where it can enhance the two-photon absorption. Another important result is the finding of the crucial role played by the relative phase between the probe and coupling fields: the two-photon transparency and the probe gain spectra can be modulated by this phase.
An electromagnetically induced Bragg reflection with a stationary coupling field in an Rb vapor cell with a 6.67 kPa neon buffer gas was studied. When the coupling field was spatially modulated as a stationary wave, a transmission reduction of the probe field was observed, while simultaneously a reflected probe field was detected in the backward direction. Instead of absorbing a fraction of the probe laser in the Rb vapor, the modulated electromagnetically induced transparency medium reflected it, corresponding to a Bragg reflection. The spectrum in the 5S(1/2)-5P(1/2)Lambda-type system of (87)Rb atoms was investigated as a function of the coupling laser frequency detuning, the stationary coupling laser power, the vapor cell temperature, and the coupling laser power ratio.
We study electromagnetically induced transparency for a probe travelling-wave (TW) laser field in closed Doppler-broadened three-level systems driven by a resonant standing-wave (SW) laser field of moderate intensity (its Rabi frequencies are smaller than the Doppler width of the driven transition). We show that probe windows of transparency occur only for values of the probe-to-drive field frequency ratio R close to half-integer values. For optical transitions and typical values of Doppler broadening for atoms in a vapor cell, we show that for R > 1 a SW drive field is appreciably more efficient than a TW driving in inducing probe transparency. As an example, we consider parameters for a real closed cascade scheme in barium atoms with R ≃ 1.5 showing that probe transmission values of 50% are possible for cases in which the transmission is almost negligible either without driving field or with only one of the TW components of the drive.
Summary form only given. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and related phenomena such as lasing without inversion (LWI) are topics of increasing interest in quantum optics. In EIT, an otherwise absorbing medium is made transparent to a weak coherent field on resonance with a certain atomic transition by applying an intense coherent "driving" field to an adjacent transition. There has been a large number of theoretical papers and EIT was demonstrated experimentally. Up to now, most theoretical papers dealing with EIT in gas media have considered only the case of a traveling (TW) driving field. In contrast, we study EIT in Doppler broadened three-level media with standing wave (SW) driving and focus our analysis into the advantages of using a SW driving configuration instead of a TW one when the frequency of the probe field is larger than that of the driving field, i.e., the so-called frequency up-conversion regime.
The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields, namely, the control field and the coupling field. An expression for the probe response is derived analytically from the optical Bloch equations under steady state condition to study the absorptive properties of the system under probe field propagation through an ensemble of stationary atoms as well as in a Doppler broadened atomic vapor medium. The most striking result is the conversion of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) into electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) as we start switching from weak probe regime to strong probe regime. The dependence of this conversion on residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch is also shown by choosing the coupling transition as a Rydberg transition.