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Journal de physique

Critical exponents from a regularized field theoretical model

Claude Bervillier, Claude Godrèche

Published Jan 1, 1982• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We use a regularized (ϕ2)2 field theory for the determination of the critical exponents γ and ν in three dimensions. The regularization is done by a Gaussian propagator. This enables any order in g for any correlation function to be easily calculated but introduces a second expansion parameter. In spite of the difficulties encountered when dealing with double series, we obtain values for the critical exponents in good agreement with those found with the renormalized theory. This and the discussion we give of the link between the renormalized theory and our model illustrate the concept of universality in critical phenomena.

DOI
10.1051/jphys:01982004302024300

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We use a regularized (ϕ2)2 field theory for the determination of the critical exponents γ and ν in three dimensions. The regularization is done by a Gaussian propagator. This enables any order in g for any correlation function to be easily calculated but introduces a second expansion parameter. In spite of the difficulties encountered when dealing with double series, we obtain values for the critical exponents in good agreement with those found with the renormalized theory. This and the discussion we give of the link between the renormalized theory and our model illustrate the concept of universality in critical phenomena.
We show that it is possible to use dimensional regularization (DR) beyond the usual ε\varepsilonε-expansion in the context of renormalization group (RG) calculations in Critical Phenomena. Based on this fact, we propose a new functional RG scheme - Functional Dimensional Regularization (FDR) - and apply it to a scalar theory in three dimensions. We compute the critical exponents of the Ising universality class directly in d=3d=3d=3 under various typical approximations. The method that emerges combines the agility typical of DR with the generality proper of functional RG. Moreover, at a given order of approximation, FDR seems to provide faster convergence and better estimates than other functional RGs.
Abstract Chapter 5 first recalls the importance of the concept of scale decoupling in physics. It then emphasizes that quantum field theory and the theory of critical phenomena have provided two examples where this concepts fails. To deal with such a situation, a new tool has been invented: the renormalization group. In the framework of effective quantum field theory, a perturbative renormalization group has been formulated. Its implementation has led to the discovery of fixed points as zeros of beta functions, and calculations of critical exponents of a class of macroscopic phase transitions in the form of Wilson–Fisher epsilon or fixed dimension expansions. These expansions being divergent, they could summed by methods based on the Borel transformation and the determination of the large order behaviour of perturbation theory.
A class of renormalization groups characterized as the general Gaussian renormalization group is defined. It includes the sharp cutoff renormalization group of Wilson, the linear renormalization group of Bell and Wilson, and the incomplete‐integration renormalization group of Wilson. The renormalization group approach to critical phenomena and the expansion around four dimensions is reviewed. The fixed point of the general Gaussian renormalization group is determined to order ε2, where ε=4−d (d is the dimensionality of the system), and the critical exponents are determined to the same order. The main conclusion is that the exponents do not depend on the cutoff functions of the renormalization group.
Path integrals have played a fundamental role in emphasizing the profound analogies between Quantum Field Theory (QFT), and Classical as well as Quantum Statistical Physics. Ideas coming from Statistical Physics have then led to a deeper understanding of Quantum Field Theory and open the way for a wealth of non-perturbative methods. Conversely QFT methods are become essential for the description of the phase transitions and critical phenomena beyond mean field theory. This is the point we want to illustrate here. We therefore review the methods, based on renormalized phi^4_3 quantum field theory and renormalization group, which have led to an accurate determination of critical exponents of the N-vector model, and more recently of the equation of state of the 3D Ising model. The starting point is the perturbative expansion for RG functions or the effective potential to the order presently available. Perturbation theory is known to be divergent and its divergence has been related to instanton contributions. This has allowed to characterize the large order behaviour of perturbation series, an information that can be used to efficiently "sum" them. Practical summation methods based on Borel transformation and conformal mapping have been developed, leading to the most accurate results available probing field theory in a non perturbative regime. We illustrate the methods with a short discussion of the scaling equation of state of the 3D Ising model. Compared to exponents its determination involves a few additional (non-trivial) technical steps, like the use of the parametric representation, and the order-dependent mapping.