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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Critical behavior of φ3 field theories in three dimensions

Jeffrey S. Reeve, Anthony John Guttmann, B W Keck

Published Oct 1, 1982• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The methods of renormalized perturbation theory are used to find the critical exponents of the percolation and Yang-Lee edge singularity problems. Both of the above critical phenomena are described by ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{3}$ field theories, and the Wilson functions are calculated explicitly in three dimensions to order three loops and summed using the Pad\'e-Borel method. The resulting critical exponent values are consistent with direct series expansion results.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.26.3923

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The methods of renormalized perturbation theory are used to find the critical exponents of the percolation and Yang-Lee edge singularity problems. Both of the above critical phenomena are described by \ensuremathφ3{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{3}\ensuremathφ3 field theories, and the Wilson functions are calculated explicitly in three dimensions to order three loops and summed using the Pad'e-Borel method. The resulting critical exponent values are consistent with direct series expansion results.
The critical exponents for two ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{3}$-field theories with long-range (LR) interactions decaying as 1/${R}^{d+\ensuremath{\sigma}}$, \ensuremath{\sigma}>0, are calculated to two-loop order in renormalized perturbation theory in d=3\ensuremath{\sigma}-\ensuremath{\epsilon}' dimensions. One is the continuum version of the p-state Potts model and the other is the scalar field theory with imaginary coupling that describes the Yang-Lee edge-singularity problem. The two crossover exponents for quadratic symmetry breaking discussed by Wallace and Young and in recent work by the present authors are also calculated in the first case. By means of renormalization-group recursion relations to one-loop order, it is shown that the LR fixed point is stable for all \ensuremath{\sigma}2 whenever ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\mathrm{SR}}$, the critical correlation-function exponent for short-range (SR) interactions, is negative, implying a discontinuity of critical exponents at \ensuremath{\sigma}=2. This is the case for the (p2)-state Potts model and for the Yang-Lee edge-singularity problem, and is in agreement with recent results by Chang and Sak for the Ising spin-glass problem. For the (p>2)-state Potts model there is an indication of a continuous crossover to SR behavior at \ensuremath{\sigma}=2-${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\mathrm{SR}}$, with ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\mathrm{SR}}$>0. It is pointed out that a number of exact results [\ensuremath{\beta}=(1-\ensuremath{\epsilon}'/2\ensuremath{\sigma})\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\nu}, \ensuremath{\sigma}^=(d-\ensuremath{\sigma})/(d+\ensuremath{\sigma}), in which \ensuremath{\sigma}^ is the Yang-Lee edge-singularity exponent, and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$=(d-\ensuremath{\sigma})/2 for a scalar theory] may apply within the LR expansion depending on \ensuremath{\eta}=2-\ensuremath{\sigma} (shown here to hold at least to two-loop order) being exact, to all orders.
We compute the dynamic critical exponent zzz of the Yang--Lee edge singularity in relaxational dynamics using perturbative renormalization-group methods to the three-loop order. The calculation combines diagram reduction, analytic two-loop evaluation via parametric integration with hyperlogarithms, and numerical evaluation of three-loop integrals using the Sector Decomposition method. The perturbative series obtained is resummed using Padé and Padé-Borel-Leroy methods to produce estimates of zzz in various spatial dimensions. The resulting values are consistent with previous perturbative and functional renormalization-group calculations.
A renormalization-group scheme is developed for the three-dimensional O(2N)O(2N)O(2N)-symmetric Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson model, which is consistent with the use of a 1/N1/N1/N expansion as a systematic method of approximation. It is motivated by an application to the critical properties of superconductors, reported in a separate paper. Within this scheme, the infrared stable fixed point controlling critical behavior appears at z=0,z=0,z=0, where $z={\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ is the inverse of the quartic coupling constant, and an efficient renormalization procedure consists of the minimal subtraction of ultraviolet divergences at z=0.z=0.z=0. This scheme is implemented at next-to-leading order, and the standard results for critical exponents calculated by other means are recovered. An apparently novel result of this nonperturbative method of approximation is that corrections to scaling (or confluent singularities) do not, as in perturbative analyses, appear as simple power series in the variable ${y=zt}^{\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\nu}}.$ At least in three dimensions, the power series are modified by powers of lny.\mathrm{ln}y.lny.
We use a regularized (ϕ2)2 field theory for the determination of the critical exponents γ and ν in three dimensions. The regularization is done by a Gaussian propagator. This enables any order in g for any correlation function to be easily calculated but introduces a second expansion parameter. In spite of the difficulties encountered when dealing with double series, we obtain values for the critical exponents in good agreement with those found with the renormalized theory. This and the discussion we give of the link between the renormalized theory and our model illustrate the concept of universality in critical phenomena.
Abstract Chapter 5 first recalls the importance of the concept of scale decoupling in physics. It then emphasizes that quantum field theory and the theory of critical phenomena have provided two examples where this concepts fails. To deal with such a situation, a new tool has been invented: the renormalization group. In the framework of effective quantum field theory, a perturbative renormalization group has been formulated. Its implementation has led to the discovery of fixed points as zeros of beta functions, and calculations of critical exponents of a class of macroscopic phase transitions in the form of Wilson–Fisher epsilon or fixed dimension expansions. These expansions being divergent, they could summed by methods based on the Borel transformation and the determination of the large order behaviour of perturbation theory.