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Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Statistical mechanics of a large dynamical system interacting with an external time-dependent field: generalised correlation subdynamics

Peter V. Coveney

Published Jun 1, 1987• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0378-4371(87)90163-4

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The effects of system-environment correlations on the dynamics of an open quantum system are investigated for the standard model of a set of quantum harmonic oscillators interacting with a heat bath of oscillators. By definition, a subdynamics is described by transformations of the open system observables. It is shown that such a construction can reproduce the observable properties of the exact dynamics only when the states of system and environment are uncorrelated, while for classical systems there is always a subdynamics. A quantum subdynamics cannot have the properties we associate with thermal fluctuations; the KMS relation at a finite temperature for the open system implies that the system must be closed. The conditions for having a subdynamics as a good approximation to the exact closed dynamics are investigated, and so are the similar but stronger conditions for a Markovian dynamics. It is also shown that a subdynamics defines the response of the open system to some types of time dependent external forces.
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An approach to the description of subdynamics inside the nonrelativistic quantum field theory is presented, in which the notions of relevant observable, time scale and complete positivity of the time evolution are stressed. A scattering theory derivation of the subdynamics of a microsystem interacting through collisions with a macrosystem is given, leading to a master equation expressed in terms of the operator-valued dynamic structure factor, a two-point correlation function which compactly takes the statistical mechanics properties of the macrosystem into account. For the case of a free quantum gas the dynamic structure factor can be exactly calculated and in the long wavelength limit a Fokker–Planck equation for the description of quantum dissipation and in particular quantum Brownian motion is obtained, where peculiar corrections due to quantum statistics can be put into evidence.