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Journal of Applied Physics

Demonstration of a single-photon router with a cavity electromechanical system

Cheng Jiang, Bin Chen, Ka‐Di Zhu

Published Aug 1, 2012• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate theoretically a scheme for realizing a single-photon router in a cavity electromechanical system. When a weak probe field is tuned on resonance with the microwave cavity, we can use a strong control field to choose to what output port of this probe field is delivered, which is based on the analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency effect in this coupled system. Routing between the reflection output port and the transmission output port can be achieved by turning off and on the control field. The router proposed here opens a good perspective for its applications in photonic quantum information networks.

DOI
10.1063/1.4746741

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We demonstrate theoretically a scheme for realizing a single-photon router in a cavity electromechanical system. When a weak probe field is tuned on resonance with the microwave cavity, we can use a strong control field to choose to what output port of this probe field is delivered, which is based on the analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency effect in this coupled system. Routing between the reflection output port and the transmission output port can be achieved by turning off and on the control field. The router proposed here opens a good perspective for its applications in photonic quantum information networks.
We have embedded an artificial atom, a superconducting transmon qubit, in an open transmission line and investigated the strong scattering of incident microwave photons (∼6 GHz). When an input coherent state, with an average photon number N≪1 is on resonance with the artificial atom, we observe extinction of up to 99.6% in the forward propagating field. We use two-tone spectroscopy to study scattering from excited states and we observe electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We then use EIT to make a single-photon router, where we can control to what output port an incoming signal is delivered. The maximum on-off ratio is around 99% with a rise and fall time on the order of nanoseconds, consistent with theoretical expectations. The router can easily be extended to have multiple output ports and it can be viewed as a rudimentary quantum node, an important step towards building quantum information networks.
We propose a novel scheme of a single photon router based on a coupled Bose-Einstein condensate cavity system. The numerical results obtained show that by controlling the route of the probe photon using an appropriate pump beam, this coupled system can serve as a single photon router. Importantly, this router works well in the optical regime, instead of the microwave regime, and at an ultralow pump power. The scheme, proposed here, may have potential applications in optical signal processing, communication, and quantum information networks.
The realization of the all-optical router with multiple input ports and output ports will have direct application to achieve the quantum network. We present a scheme of all-optical routing of coherent-state photons in a waveguide-cavity coupled system. Our router has four input ports and four output ports. The routing of photons is based on the interference. The outcomes show that the transport of the coherent-state photons injected through any input port can be controlled by the phases of the coherent-state photons injected through other input ports. This control can be realized at the single-photon level and requires no additional control fields. Therefore, the all-optical routing at single-photon level can be achieved.
Abstract A Multi-outlet single photon quantum router between microwave and optical frequency domain is investigated in a system consisting of a superconducting microwave cavity and an optical nanomechanical cavity coupled to a commom nanomechanical resonator (NAMR). It is demonstration that the single-photon of optical frequency can be routed into three different output ports by adjusting microwave power. More importantly, the two output signals can be selected according to microwave power. Meanwhile, we also show that thermal noise will be insignificant for the optical performance of the single-photon router at temperature of the order of 20 mK. Our proposal may have paved a new avenue towards multi-channel router and quantum network.
Routing of photon play a key role in optical communication and quantum networks. Although the quantum routing of signals has been investigated in various systems both in theory and experiment. However, no current theory can route quantum signals between microwave and optical light. Here, we propose an experimentally accessible tunable multi-channel quantum routing proposal using photon-phonon translation in a hybrid opto-electromechanical system. It is the first demonstration that the single-photon of optical frequency can be routed into three different output ports by adjusting microwave power. More important, the two output signals can be selected according to microwave power. Meanwhile, we also demonstrate the vacuum and thermal noise will be insignificant for the optical performance of the single-photon router at temperature of the order of 20 mK. Our proposal may have paved a new avenue towards multi-channel router and quantum network.
The realization of a quantum network composed of quantum nodes which process quantum fields and quantum channels to transfer quantum information has recently been proposed. In recent years, fundamental experiments produced by superconducting circuits suggest that they are promising candidates for realization of a quantum network. Superconducting circuit QED can act as quantum nodes, which can be linked by quantum channels, to transfer flying microwave photons (quantum information) from site to site on chip with high fidelity. Therefore, controlling the propagating microwave photons on chip is an essential step towards realization of a quantum network.In this thesis, we demonstrate a specific quantum node, namely the single photon router. The active element of the router is a single three-level artificial atom, a superconducting transmon type qubit, strongly coupled to a superconducting 1D transmission line. Strong coupling between the artificial atom and propagating microwave photons, revealed in high degree scattering of the resonance waves, has been observed. By exploiting the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), we can route a single photon signal from an input port to either of two output ports with an on-off ratio of approximately 90%. The switching time of the router is shown to be a few nanoseconds, consistent with theoretical expectations and the device parameters. Besides the router, we also observed some fundamental phenomenon of single atom, such as strong nonlinearity, anomalous dispersion and the Mollow Triplet.This thesis describes the motivation, theoretical background, design, implementation and the measurement results.