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Journal of Statistical Physics

Behavior of a quantum particle in contact with a classical heat bath

P. Nielaba, Joel L. Lebowitz, Herbert E. Spohn, J. L. Vall�s

Published May 1, 1989• 13 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf01041606

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•Jul 16, 2019•0 citations
For a free particle, the coupling to its environment can be the relevant mechanism to induce quantum behavior as the temperature is lowered. We study general linear environments with a spectral density proportional to ω^s at low frequencies and consider in particular the specific heat of the free damped particle. For super-Ohmic baths with s>=2, a reentrant classical behavior is found. As the temperature is lowered, the specific heat decreases from the classical value of k_B/2, thereby indicating the appearence of quantum effects. However, the classical value of the specific heat is restored as the temperature approaches zero. This surprising behavior is due to the suppressed density of bath degrees of freedom at low frequencies. For s<2, the specific heat at zero temperature increases linearly with s from -k_B/2 to k_B/2. An Ohmic bath, s=1, is thus very special in the sense that it represents the only case where the specific heat vanishes at zero temperature.
Work and efficiency of quantum Otto heat engines (QOHEs) can increase by using non-thermal baths or by inhomogeneous scaling of energy levels of the working substance. Given these points, at first, we construct the coherent thermal state for a trigonometric Pöschl-Teller (PT) potential. Then using a particle in this potential, which has unequally spaced energy levels, as a working substance, we investigate the work extraction and the efficiency of QOHEs that operates between cold and hot coherent thermal baths. The results show that changing the PT potential parameters in the adiabatic processes of QOHE, which causes an inhomogeneous shift in energy levels or/and make use of the hot coherent thermal bath, improve work extraction and efficiency of QOHE relative to the classical counterpart.
During the last years, with the evolution of technology enabling the control of nano-mesoscopic systems, the possibility of experimentally implementing a Maxwell’s demon has aroused much interest. Its classical version has already been implemented, in photonic and electronic systems, and currently its quantum version is being broadly studied. In this context, the purpose of this work is the development of a protocol for the implementation of the quantum version of an autonomous Maxwell’s demon in a system of superconducting qubits. The system is composed of an Asymmetrical Single-Cooper-Pair Transistor, ASCPT, which has its extremities in contact with heat baths, such that the left one has a lower temperature than the right one. And of a device of two interacting Cooper-Pair Boxes, CPB’s, named as an ECPB, for Extended Cooper-Pair Box. The ECPB is also in contact with a heat bath and possess a genuine quantum feature, entanglement, being described by its antisymmetric and symmetric states, that couple capacitively to the ASCPT with different strengths. A specific operating regime was found where the spontaneous dynamics of the tunneling of Cooper pairs through the ASCPT, will led to a heat transport from the bath in contact with the left extremity of the ASCPT to the bath at the right. And so, as in Maxwell’s original thought experiment, the demon, which is composed by the ECPB and the island of the ASCPT, mediates a heat flux from a cold to a hot bath, without the expense of work. However as expected, the violation of the 2nd law of thermodynamics does not occur, as during the dynamics heat is also released to the bath in contact with the ECPB, compensating the decrease of entropy that occurs in the baths in contact with the ASCPT.