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Physica C Superconductivity

Practical dc SQUID system: Devices and electronics

Guofeng Zhang, Yi Zhang, Tao Hong, Hai Wang, Hans‐Joachim Krause, Xiaoming Xie

Published Apr 16, 2015• 11 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physc.2015.03.009

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Pulsed readout of Direct Current (DC) Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) is crucial for experiments which need to be performed at millikelvin temperatures, such as the readout of superconducting and electron spin based qubits. Pulsed readout algorithms used in these experiments are usually specific to the experimental setup and require some optimization. We present a circuit that emulates the behavior of a DC-SQUID in order to allow the development and evaluation of pulsed readout algorithms at room temperature without the need of a running dilution refrigerator. This novel circuit also constitutes a low cost device which can be used to teach the principles of a DC-SQUID in courses aimed at training the next generation of quantum engineers.
The energy sensitivity of a direct current (dc) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) can be improved if it is operated in a two-stage configuration. Employing this technique, a commercial dc SQUID system was modified and made competitive with other sensors especially designed for very low noise applications. We report the noise measurements performed in the temperature range 4.2 K–25 mK. At 4.2 K, the coupled energy sensitivity obtained with the two-stage dc SQUID was approximately ten times better than with a conventional readout electronics. The noise energy decreases linearly until approximately 300 mK, in good agreement with theoretical previsions. At lower temperature the hot-electron effect produces a saturation and the best energy sensitivity measured with open input coil is 35 ℏ.