Magnetization of optically polarized gas atoms by an optical pulse train

Abstract

The properties of the density matrix and the multipole moments arising in oriented and aligned atoms with zero nuclear spin through the interaction with strong resonant ultrashort pulses with wave vector k 0 and circular or linear polarization have been found. Calculations have been made for the time-dependent light-induced magnetization μ ( t ′) of a gas of pre-oriented and prealigned atoms following the passage of a weak resonant elliptically polarized pulse with frequency ω and wave vector k collinear with k 0 . It is shown that for oriented atoms, μ ( t ′) is an even function of the detuning from resonance, ω-ω ba , and can be split into two terms whose directions are a consequence of symmetry and are determined by the vectors k 0 and k as well as by the direction of rotation of the electric fields corresponding to the pulses. For aligned atoms the vector μ ( t ′) is collinear with k , and the first term is an even function of ω-ω ba . However, the second term is an odd function of ω-ω ba and reverses direction when the sign of ω-ω ba changes, as well as when the orientation of the axes of the polarization ellipse is changed. It is shown that if a series of weak linearly polarized pulses pass through the gas, the light-induced magnetization of the oriented and aligned gas atoms can be decomposed into three factors: the first determines the direction and is a consequence of the symmetry; the second (with the dimensions of magnetic moment) depends on the characteristics of the resonant transitions; and the third is a universal function of t ′ and ω-ω ba that does not depend on the underlying characteristics of the resonant transition. These vector factors and the universal functions are in principle different for oriented and aligned atoms.