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Acta Physica Sinica (Overseas Edition)

Experimental study of ac zeeman effect in87Rb atomic frequency standard

Chu Xin-zhao, Shuqin Liu, DONG TAI-QIAN

Published Jun 1, 1996• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We have proved experimentally that the frequency shift formula of AC Zeeman effect presented by us is correct. In a 87 Rb atomic frequency standard we add a new microwave field which causes the frequency shift of 0-0 transition frequency of 87 Rb atomic ground state. This frequency shift as a function of frequency and power of the added microwave field is measured. The experimental results agree with theory.

DOI
10.1088/1004-423x/5/6/003

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We have proved experimentally that the frequency shift formula of AC Zeeman effect presented by us is correct. In a 87 Rb atomic frequency standard we add a new microwave field which causes the frequency shift of 0-0 transition frequency of 87 Rb atomic ground state. This frequency shift as a function of frequency and power of the added microwave field is measured. The experimental results agree with theory.
Microfabricated surface traps have enabled precise control over trapped ions in a compact device with lower power requirements than traditional traps, but have also presented unique challenges due to the small ion-surface distance.One such challenge is AC Zeeman effect which leads to a frequency shift due to the oscillating magnetic field associated with the RF drive.Here, we characterize the frequency shift of the ground state microwave transition of a 171 Yb + ion confined by microfabricated surface traps driven by an RF field.We compare the AC Zeeman effect due to the drive RF and induced RF current in the trap ground planes for various traps fabricated at Sandia National Laboratories.
The present status of rubidium atom frequency standard is introduced. The factors influencing long-term stability were discussed such as the light frequency shift, collision frequency shift and microwave power frequency shift. When pumping light spectral function has small change, it will cause light shift. The method of reducing light shift was to control the slope between the light shift curve and collision shift curve until they were equal in value but opposite in direction. For reducing collision frequency shift, the rubidium absorbs cell with special glass was adopted to weaken the chemical reaction in the experiment. We believed that the new reason based on AC Zeeman effect was the main one to influence microwave power frequency shift, so the traditional explanation was not the main factor. In the experiment, microwave power frequency shift is eliminated through the circuit improvement. Therefore, better long-term stability can be obtained. The performance of rubidium atom frequency standard is greatly improved
We measure the ac Zeeman force acting on ultracold 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms due to a radio frequency (rf) field driving intramanifold Zeeman transitions near 8 MHz. We observe about 2.5 times the force of gravity for $\ensuremath{\approx}14$ mW of rf power acting on atoms $\ensuremath{\approx}100\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\textmu{}\mathrm{m}$ from the atom chip. Our measurements are consistent with theoretical predictions and demonstrate the spin-state dependence of the force, as well as its resonant and bipolar behavior. We demonstrate the ac Stern-Gerlach effect by spatially separating a spin mixture, using initial detuning to determine which spins are ac Zeeman high- and low-field seekers. With an eye towards using this force for atom trapping, we observe the time dependence of dressed state spin mixing as a function of detuning and power.
Ultracold atom experiments use a gas of neutral atoms with temperatures less than 100 µK above absolute zero and offer unmatched experimental control of quantum states and coherence, which has allowed ultracold atom-based measurements to be some of the most precise to date. While ultracold atom experiments can control almost all atomic degrees of freedom, spin-dependent trapping and spatial manipulation has remained difficult if not inaccessible. We are developing a method of spin-dependent trapping and spatial manipulation for ultracold neutral atoms using the AC Zeeman force produced by a microwave magnetic near-field gradient generated by an atom chip. We measure the AC Zeeman force on ultracold rubidium atoms by observing its effect on the motion of atoms in free-fall and on those confined in a trap. We have studied the force as a function of microwave frequency detuning from a hyperfine transition at 6.8 GHz at several magnetic field strengths and have observed its characteristic bipolar and resonant features predicted by two-level dressed atom theory. We find that the force is several times the strength of gravity in our setup, and that it can be targeted to a specific hyperfine transition while leaving other hyperfine states and transitions relatively unaffected. We find that our measurements are reasonably consistent with parameter-free theoretical predictions.