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Physical Review A

Multipole relaxation in 52 P potassium atoms by collisions with He, Ne, and Ar

R. W. Berends, W. Kedzierski, L. Krause

Published Jan 1, 1988• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Potassium vapor, contained together with a buffer gas in a fluorescence cell located in a 7-T magnetic field, was irradiated with light from a pulsed dye laser producing selective excitation of the ${5}^{2}$${P}_{1/2}$,-1/2 or the ${5}^{2}$${P}_{3/2}$,-3/2 Zeeman substate. Collisions of the excited and polarized atoms and the resulting Zeeman mixing produced a population of the whole Zeeman manifold and resulted in the emission of a fluorescent Zeeman spectrum which was resolved with a Fabry-Perot interferometer and registered with a photomultiplier and multichannel scaler. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the absolute (thermally averaged) multipole-relaxation cross sections and cross sections for Zeeman mixing by collisions with He, Ne, and Ar atoms.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.37.68

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Collisional mJ mixing and multipole relaxation in 4P2 potassium atoms

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${m}_{J}$ mixing in $4^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $4^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ potassium atoms as well as atomic multipole relaxation induced in K-K and K-Ar collisions were investigated by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. K vapor, pure or mixed with Ar, was placed in a kG magnetic field and irradiated with a single Zeeman component of 7665- or 7699-\AA{} resonance radiation, causing the selective excitation of the $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2},\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$ or $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2},\ensuremath{-}\frac{3}{2}}$ substate. Collisions of the excited atoms with ground-state K or Ar atoms caused ${m}_{J}$ mixing which was monitored by analysis of the resulting fluorescent spectrum with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer. Intensity measurements on the fluorescent Zeeman components in relation to ground-state atomic densities yielded the following multipole relaxation cross sections ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{J}^{(L)}$: K-K (${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$): ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(1)}=5.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(1)}=8.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(2)}=11.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.0$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(3)}=9.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5$; K-Ar (${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$): ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(1)}=65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(1)}=175\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(2)}=230\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}35$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(3)}=190\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30$. The ${Q}_{J}(m\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{m}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ cross sections for ${m}_{J}$ mixing were derived from the ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{J}^{(L)}$ as well as the cross sections for multipole decay ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{J}^{(L)}={\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{J}^{(L)}+{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{J}^{(0)}$. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical calculations.

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Multipole relaxation in 42P potassium atoms by collisions with N2and H2

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Zeeman mixing in 6(2)P rubidium atoms induced in noble-gas collisions.

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Rubidium vapour, together with a noble gas contained in a cell located in a 4.75T magnetic field, was irradiated with light from a pulsed dye laser. This radiation produced selective excitation of the 6$\\sp{\\rm z}$P$\\sb{\\rm J,m}$ (J = 1/2, 3/2, m = $-$3/2, $-$1/2, 1/2, 3/2) Zeeman substates. Collisions of the excited 6P atoms with He, Ne and Ar atoms and the resulting Zeeman mixing produced a population in the whole 6P Zeeman manifold and resulted in the emission of a Zeeman fluorescence spectrum which was resolved with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer, detected with a photomultiplier and stored in a multichannel scaler. The analysis of the fluorescence intensities of the components emitted in the decay of the directly (optically) excited state and of the collisionally populated states in relation to the noble gas densities, yielded the Zeeman mixing cross sections and the cross sections for the relaxation of dipole, quadrupole, and octupole moments.Dept. of Physics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1991 .M544. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 30-04, page: 1359. Chairman: L. Krause. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1991.

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Collisional relaxation in 5(2)P potassium atoms.

R. W. Berends

Collisional excitation transfer and relaxation of K 5$\\sp2$P atoms in collisions with noble gases, as well as the radiative lifetimes of the K 5P, 6P and 7P fine-structure states have been investigated by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Potassium vapour was mixed in a cell with a noble gas and selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the 5$\\sp2$P$\\sb{1\\over2}$ or the 5$\\sp2$P$\\sb{3\\over 2}$ state in zero magnetic field and to the 5$\\sp2$P$\\sb{{1\\over 2}-{1\\over 2}}$ or the 5$\\sp2$P$\\sb{{3\\over 2}-{3\\over 2}}$ Zeeman substate in a field of 70 kG. Interferometric analysis of the fluorescence emitted from the directly (optically) excited state and that emitted from the collisionally populated states allowed the determination of the fine-structure mixing cross sections for collisions with He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe in zero magnetic field. Excitation transfer between Zeeman substates was investigated for collisions between the selectively excited 5P atoms and He, Ne and Ar atoms, allowing the determination of the multipole relaxation (depolarization) cross sections for dipole, quadrupole and octupole decay, as well as the Zeeman and fine-structure mixing cross sections and orientation transfer cross sections. A comparison of theoretical calculations with the experimental data has been made and the rate equations governing multipole relaxation and including effects due to strong fine-structure mixing on the multipole relaxation, have been described in detail. The radiative lifetimes of the individual fine-structure components of the K 5P, 6P and 7P states have been determined experimentally by means of time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence techniques. These data are compared with numerous theoretical calculations and the available experimental values.Dept. of Physics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1988 .B474. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 49-04, Section: B, page: 1223. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1988.

•Jan 1, 1988•0 citations

Measurements of the Zeeman mixing cross section of (6)(2)P(1/2)Cs atoms, induced by collision with helium gases.

Ju Gao

Collisional transitions between Zeeman substates of Cs $\\rm 6\\sp2P\\sb{1/2}$ atoms in collisions with He atoms have been investigated by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Cs vapour contained in a quartz cell together with helium at low pressure, was selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the $\\rm 6\\sp2P\\sb{1/2,-1/2}$ Zeeman substate in a magnetic field of strength ranging from 1.5 T to 7 T. The fluorescence spectrum consisting of components emitted from the directly excited state and from the collisionally populated state, was resolved with a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the Zeeman mixing cross section for Cs-He collisions. It was found that the enhancement in the cross section varied as B$\\sp2$ in the range 0 $$ 5 T. A theoretical calculation of the magnetic-field enhancement of the cross section was also carried out, using time-dependent perturbation theory. The results of the calculation are in very good agreement with the experimental results at fields in the range 0 $<$ B $<$ 5 T, though not beyond 5 T where further theoretical work remains to be done.Dept. of Physics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1993 .G365. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 32-02, page: 0636. Adviser: L. Krause. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1993.

•Jan 1, 1993•0 citations
Potassium vapor, contained together with a buffer gas in a fluorescence cell located in a 7-T magnetic field, was irradiated with light from a pulsed dye laser producing selective excitation of the {5}^{2}$${P}_{1/2},-1/2 or the {5}^{2}$${P}_{3/2},-3/2 Zeeman substate. Collisions of the excited and polarized atoms and the resulting Zeeman mixing produced a population of the whole Zeeman manifold and resulted in the emission of a fluorescent Zeeman spectrum which was resolved with a Fabry-Perot interferometer and registered with a photomultiplier and multichannel scaler. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the absolute (thermally averaged) multipole-relaxation cross sections and cross sections for Zeeman mixing by collisions with He, Ne, and Ar atoms.
Rubidium vapor, contained together with a buffer gas in a quartz cell located in a 4.75-T magnetic field, was irradiated with light from a pulsed dye laser producing selective excitation of each 6 2^{2}2P Zeeman substate in turn. Collisions of the excited and polarized atoms with the ground-state He, Ne, or Ar atoms and the resulting Zeeman mixing produced a population of the whole Zeeman manifold and resulted in the emission of a Zeeman fluorescence spectrum that was resolved with a scanning Fabry-P\'erot interferometer and recorded with a photomultiplier and a multichannel scaler. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components in relation to the buffer-gas pressures yielded the absolute (thermally averaged) cross sections for Zeeman mixing and cross sections for relaxation of the atomic multipole moments for collisions with He, Ne, and Ar.
mJ{m}_{J}mJ​ mixing in 42P124^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}42P21​​ and 42P324^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}42P23​​ potassium atoms as well as atomic multipole relaxation induced in K-K and K-Ar collisions were investigated by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. K vapor, pure or mixed with Ar, was placed in a kG magnetic field and irradiated with a single Zeeman component of 7665- or 7699-\AA{} resonance radiation, causing the selective excitation of the $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2},\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$ or $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2},\ensuremath{-}\frac{3}{2}}$ substate. Collisions of the excited atoms with ground-state K or Ar atoms caused mJ{m}_{J}mJ​ mixing which was monitored by analysis of the resulting fluorescent spectrum with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer. Intensity measurements on the fluorescent Zeeman components in relation to ground-state atomic densities yielded the following multipole relaxation cross sections ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{J}^{(L)}$: K-K (${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2): ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(1)}=5.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(1)}=8.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(2)}=11.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.0$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(3)}=9.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5$; K-Ar (${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2): ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(1)}=65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(1)}=175\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(2)}=230\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}35$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(3)}=190\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30$. The ${Q}_{J}(m\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{m}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ cross sections for mJ{m}_{J}mJ​ mixing were derived from the ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{J}^{(L)}$ as well as the cross sections for multipole decay ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{J}^{(L)}={\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{J}^{(L)}+{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{J}^{(0)}$. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical calculations.
Techniques of atomic fluorescence were used to determine cross sections for relaxation and decay of atomic multipole moments associated with the 4 2 P 1/2 and 4 2 P 3/2 states in potassium. 4 2 P 1/2-1/2 or 2 P 3/2-3/2 Zeeman substates were selectively populated by irradiating potassium vapour, mixed with N 2 or H 2 and located in a kilogauss magnetic field, with monochromatic and circularly polarised radiation. Collisions with the buffer gas molecules caused the population of the other Zeeman substates and the emission of a Zeeman fluorescent spectrum, the sigma components of which were resolved with a piezoelectrically scanned Fabry-Perot interferometer. Measurements of the intensities of the Zeeman fluorescent components yielded cross sections for relaxation and decay of the dipole, quadrupole and octupole moments.
Rubidium vapour, together with a noble gas contained in a cell located in a 4.75T magnetic field, was irradiated with light from a pulsed dye laser. This radiation produced selective excitation of the 6sprmz\\sp{\\rm z}sprmzPsbrmJ,m\\sb{\\rm J,m}sbrmJ,m (J = 1/2, 3/2, m = $-$3/2, $-$1/2, 1/2, 3/2) Zeeman substates. Collisions of the excited 6P atoms with He, Ne and Ar atoms and the resulting Zeeman mixing produced a population in the whole 6P Zeeman manifold and resulted in the emission of a Zeeman fluorescence spectrum which was resolved with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer, detected with a photomultiplier and stored in a multichannel scaler. The analysis of the fluorescence intensities of the components emitted in the decay of the directly (optically) excited state and of the collisionally populated states in relation to the noble gas densities, yielded the Zeeman mixing cross sections and the cross sections for the relaxation of dipole, quadrupole, and octupole moments.Dept. of Physics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1991 .M544. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 30-04, page: 1359. Chairman: L. Krause. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1991.
Collisional excitation transfer and relaxation of K 5sp2\\sp2sp2P atoms in collisions with noble gases, as well as the radiative lifetimes of the K 5P, 6P and 7P fine-structure states have been investigated by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Potassium vapour was mixed in a cell with a noble gas and selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the 5sp2\\sp2sp2Psb1over2\\sb{1\\over2}sb1over2 or the 5sp2\\sp2sp2Psb3over2\\sb{3\\over 2}sb3over2 state in zero magnetic field and to the 5sp2\\sp2sp2Psb1over2−1over2\\sb{{1\\over 2}-{1\\over 2}}sb1over2−1over2 or the 5sp2\\sp2sp2Psb3over2−3over2\\sb{{3\\over 2}-{3\\over 2}}sb3over2−3over2 Zeeman substate in a field of 70 kG. Interferometric analysis of the fluorescence emitted from the directly (optically) excited state and that emitted from the collisionally populated states allowed the determination of the fine-structure mixing cross sections for collisions with He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe in zero magnetic field. Excitation transfer between Zeeman substates was investigated for collisions between the selectively excited 5P atoms and He, Ne and Ar atoms, allowing the determination of the multipole relaxation (depolarization) cross sections for dipole, quadrupole and octupole decay, as well as the Zeeman and fine-structure mixing cross sections and orientation transfer cross sections. A comparison of theoretical calculations with the experimental data has been made and the rate equations governing multipole relaxation and including effects due to strong fine-structure mixing on the multipole relaxation, have been described in detail. The radiative lifetimes of the individual fine-structure components of the K 5P, 6P and 7P states have been determined experimentally by means of time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence techniques. These data are compared with numerous theoretical calculations and the available experimental values.Dept. of Physics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1988 .B474. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 49-04, Section: B, page: 1223. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1988.
Collisional transitions between Zeeman substates of Cs rm6sp2Psb1/2\\rm 6\\sp2P\\sb{1/2}rm6sp2Psb1/2 atoms in collisions with He atoms have been investigated by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Cs vapour contained in a quartz cell together with helium at low pressure, was selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the rm6sp2Psb1/2,−1/2\\rm 6\\sp2P\\sb{1/2,-1/2}rm6sp2Psb1/2,−1/2 Zeeman substate in a magnetic field of strength ranging from 1.5 T to 7 T. The fluorescence spectrum consisting of components emitted from the directly excited state and from the collisionally populated state, was resolved with a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the Zeeman mixing cross section for Cs-He collisions. It was found that the enhancement in the cross section varied as Bsp2\\sp2sp2 in the range 0 $$ 5 T. A theoretical calculation of the magnetic-field enhancement of the cross section was also carried out, using time-dependent perturbation theory. The results of the calculation are in very good agreement with the experimental results at fields in the range 0 <<< B <<< 5 T, though not beyond 5 T where further theoretical work remains to be done.Dept. of Physics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1993 .G365. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 32-02, page: 0636. Adviser: L. Krause. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1993.