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Physical Review A

mJ mixing and multipole relaxation in 6 2 Prubidium atoms induced by He, Ne, and Ar collisions

W. Kedzierski, R. B. Middleton, L. Krause

Published Jan 1, 1991• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Rubidium vapor, contained together with a buffer gas in a quartz cell located in a 4.75-T magnetic field, was irradiated with light from a pulsed dye laser producing selective excitation of each 6 $^{2}$P Zeeman substate in turn. Collisions of the excited and polarized atoms with the ground-state He, Ne, or Ar atoms and the resulting Zeeman mixing produced a population of the whole Zeeman manifold and resulted in the emission of a Zeeman fluorescence spectrum that was resolved with a scanning Fabry-P\'erot interferometer and recorded with a photomultiplier and a multichannel scaler. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components in relation to the buffer-gas pressures yielded the absolute (thermally averaged) cross sections for Zeeman mixing and cross sections for relaxation of the atomic multipole moments for collisions with He, Ne, and Ar.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.43.143

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Zeeman mixing in 6(2)P rubidium atoms induced in noble-gas collisions.

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Measurements of the Zeeman mixing cross section of (6)(2)P(1/2)Cs atoms, induced by collision with helium gases.

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Collisional transitions between Zeeman substates of Cs $\\rm 6\\sp2P\\sb{1/2}$ atoms in collisions with He atoms have been investigated by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Cs vapour contained in a quartz cell together with helium at low pressure, was selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the $\\rm 6\\sp2P\\sb{1/2,-1/2}$ Zeeman substate in a magnetic field of strength ranging from 1.5 T to 7 T. The fluorescence spectrum consisting of components emitted from the directly excited state and from the collisionally populated state, was resolved with a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the Zeeman mixing cross section for Cs-He collisions. It was found that the enhancement in the cross section varied as B$\\sp2$ in the range 0 $$ 5 T. A theoretical calculation of the magnetic-field enhancement of the cross section was also carried out, using time-dependent perturbation theory. The results of the calculation are in very good agreement with the experimental results at fields in the range 0 $<$ B $<$ 5 T, though not beyond 5 T where further theoretical work remains to be done.Dept. of Physics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1993 .G365. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 32-02, page: 0636. Adviser: L. Krause. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1993.

•Jan 1, 1993•0 citations

Magnetic-field dependence of the cross section for mJ mixing in 2 P1/2 Cs and Rb atoms

W. Kedzierski, Ju Gao, W. E. Baylis +1 more

Transitions between the Zeeman substates of Cs 6 $^{2}\mathrm{P}_{1/2}$ and Rb 5 $^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ atoms, induced in collisions with He atoms, have been investigated experimentally by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. The collision process has also been studied theoretically with time-dependent perturbation theory. Cs or Rb vapor contained in a quartz cell together with helium at low pressure was selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the $^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{1/2,\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$ Zeeman substate in a magnetic field ranging from 1.5 T to 7 T. The fluorescence spectrum, consisting of components emitted from the directly excited state and from the collisionally populated state, was resolved with a Fabry-P\'erot interferometer. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the Zeeman mixing cross section for Cs-He and Rb-He collisions. It was found that the Cs 6 $^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ cross section varied approximately as ${\mathit{B}}^{2}$ in the range 0B0.76 T, showed a much weaker field dependence in the range from 0.76 T to 5 T, where it peaked, and declined slightly at B>5 T. The Rb 5 $^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ cross section did not exhibit any variation with B. A theoretical calculation of the Cs cross section carried out using time-dependent perturbation theory explains the magnetic-field enhancement in terms of the minute magnetic-field-induced mixing of the ${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ and ${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}$ states and the resulting breaking of time-reversal symmetry. The results of the calculation are in good agreement with the experimental results at fields in the range 0B5 T.

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Rubidium vapor, contained together with a buffer gas in a quartz cell located in a 4.75-T magnetic field, was irradiated with light from a pulsed dye laser producing selective excitation of each 6 2^{2}2P Zeeman substate in turn. Collisions of the excited and polarized atoms with the ground-state He, Ne, or Ar atoms and the resulting Zeeman mixing produced a population of the whole Zeeman manifold and resulted in the emission of a Zeeman fluorescence spectrum that was resolved with a scanning Fabry-P'erot interferometer and recorded with a photomultiplier and a multichannel scaler. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components in relation to the buffer-gas pressures yielded the absolute (thermally averaged) cross sections for Zeeman mixing and cross sections for relaxation of the atomic multipole moments for collisions with He, Ne, and Ar.
Potassium vapor, contained together with a buffer gas in a fluorescence cell located in a 7-T magnetic field, was irradiated with light from a pulsed dye laser producing selective excitation of the 52{5}^{2}52P1/2{P}_{1/2}P1/2​,-1/2 or the 52{5}^{2}52P3/2{P}_{3/2}P3/2​,-3/2 Zeeman substate. Collisions of the excited and polarized atoms and the resulting Zeeman mixing produced a population of the whole Zeeman manifold and resulted in the emission of a fluorescent Zeeman spectrum which was resolved with a Fabry-Perot interferometer and registered with a photomultiplier and multichannel scaler. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the absolute (thermally averaged) multipole-relaxation cross sections and cross sections for Zeeman mixing by collisions with He, Ne, and Ar atoms.
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mJ{m}_{J}mJ​ mixing in 42P124^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}42P21​​ and 42P324^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}42P23​​ potassium atoms as well as atomic multipole relaxation induced in K-K and K-Ar collisions were investigated by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. K vapor, pure or mixed with Ar, was placed in a kG magnetic field and irradiated with a single Zeeman component of 7665- or 7699-\AA{} resonance radiation, causing the selective excitation of the $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2},\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$ or $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2},\ensuremath{-}\frac{3}{2}}$ substate. Collisions of the excited atoms with ground-state K or Ar atoms caused mJ{m}_{J}mJ​ mixing which was monitored by analysis of the resulting fluorescent spectrum with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer. Intensity measurements on the fluorescent Zeeman components in relation to ground-state atomic densities yielded the following multipole relaxation cross sections ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{J}^{(L)}$: K-K (${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2): ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(1)}=5.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(1)}=8.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(2)}=11.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.0$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(3)}=9.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5$; K-Ar (${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2): ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{(1)}=65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(1)}=175\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(2)}=230\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}35$, ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{(3)}=190\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30$. The ${Q}_{J}(m\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{m}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ cross sections for mJ{m}_{J}mJ​ mixing were derived from the ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{J}^{(L)}$ as well as the cross sections for multipole decay ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{J}^{(L)}={\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{J}^{(L)}+{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{J}^{(0)}$. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical calculations.
Techniques of atomic fluorescence were used to determine cross sections for relaxation and decay of atomic multipole moments associated with the 4 2 P 1/2 and 4 2 P 3/2 states in potassium. 4 2 P 1/2-1/2 or 2 P 3/2-3/2 Zeeman substates were selectively populated by irradiating potassium vapour, mixed with N 2 or H 2 and located in a kilogauss magnetic field, with monochromatic and circularly polarised radiation. Collisions with the buffer gas molecules caused the population of the other Zeeman substates and the emission of a Zeeman fluorescent spectrum, the sigma components of which were resolved with a piezoelectrically scanned Fabry-Perot interferometer. Measurements of the intensities of the Zeeman fluorescent components yielded cross sections for relaxation and decay of the dipole, quadrupole and octupole moments.
Collisional transitions between Zeeman substates of Cs rm6sp2Psb1/2\\rm 6\\sp2P\\sb{1/2}rm6sp2Psb1/2 atoms in collisions with He atoms have been investigated by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Cs vapour contained in a quartz cell together with helium at low pressure, was selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the rm6sp2Psb1/2,−1/2\\rm 6\\sp2P\\sb{1/2,-1/2}rm6sp2Psb1/2,−1/2 Zeeman substate in a magnetic field of strength ranging from 1.5 T to 7 T. The fluorescence spectrum consisting of components emitted from the directly excited state and from the collisionally populated state, was resolved with a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the Zeeman mixing cross section for Cs-He collisions. It was found that the enhancement in the cross section varied as Bsp2\\sp2sp2 in the range 0 $$ 5 T. A theoretical calculation of the magnetic-field enhancement of the cross section was also carried out, using time-dependent perturbation theory. The results of the calculation are in very good agreement with the experimental results at fields in the range 0 <<< B <<< 5 T, though not beyond 5 T where further theoretical work remains to be done.Dept. of Physics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1993 .G365. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 32-02, page: 0636. Adviser: L. Krause. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1993.
Transitions between the Zeeman substates of Cs 6 2P1/2^{2}\mathrm{P}_{1/2}2P1/2​ and Rb 5 2^{2}2P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ atoms, induced in collisions with He atoms, have been investigated experimentally by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. The collision process has also been studied theoretically with time-dependent perturbation theory. Cs or Rb vapor contained in a quartz cell together with helium at low pressure was selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the 2^{2}2${\mathit{P}}_{1/2,\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$ Zeeman substate in a magnetic field ranging from 1.5 T to 7 T. The fluorescence spectrum, consisting of components emitted from the directly excited state and from the collisionally populated state, was resolved with a Fabry-P\'erot interferometer. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the Zeeman mixing cross section for Cs-He and Rb-He collisions. It was found that the Cs 6 2^{2}2P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ cross section varied approximately as B2{\mathit{B}}^{2}B2 in the range 0B0.76 T, showed a much weaker field dependence in the range from 0.76 T to 5 T, where it peaked, and declined slightly at B>5 T. The Rb 5 2^{2}2P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ cross section did not exhibit any variation with B. A theoretical calculation of the Cs cross section carried out using time-dependent perturbation theory explains the magnetic-field enhancement in terms of the minute magnetic-field-induced mixing of the P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ and P3/2{\mathit{P}}_{3/2}P3/2​ states and the resulting breaking of time-reversal symmetry. The results of the calculation are in good agreement with the experimental results at fields in the range 0B5 T.