Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Optics Express

Dual correlated pumping scheme for phase noise preservation in all-optical wavelength conversion

Aravind P. Anthur, Regan T. Watts, Kai Shi, John O’ Carroll, Deepa Venkitesh, Liam P. Barry

Published Jun 21, 2013• 35 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the effect of transfer of phase noise in different four wave mixing schemes using a coherent phase noise measurement technique. The nature of phase noise transfer from the pump to the generated wavelengths is shown to be independent of the type of phase noise (1 / f or white noise frequency components). We then propose a novel scheme using dual correlated pumps to prevent the increase in phase noise in the conjugate wavelengths. The proposed scheme is experimentally verified by the all-optical wavelength conversion of a DQPSK signal at 10.7 GBaud.

DOI
10.1364/oe.21.015568

Related papers

Pump correlation requirements for four wave mixing-based phase quantization schemes

Aneesh Sobhanan, Arjun Natarajan Iyer, Aravind P. Anthur +2 more

We demonstrate the experimental results of phase noise measurements on the coherent addition of signal and conjugate in a four wave mixing-based two-level phase quantizer and illustrate the requirement of the anti-correlation between the pumps.

•Jan 1, 2018•0 citations

Four-mode squeezing

Bonny L. Schumaker, Stephen H. Perlmutter, Robert M. Shelby +1 more

The four-wave-mixing interactions produced by pumping at two well-separated frequencies can couple four different radiation modes to generate a new kind of squeezed state of light. A dual-frequency homodyne detection scheme is described and is used to observe this type of nonclassical correlation. Initial experimental results in an optical fiber show a noise level 20% below the vacuum noise level for the output of the dual-frequency detector, even though the noise at each individual detector remains above the vacuum level.

Physical Review Letters•Jan 26, 1987•76 citations

Interchannel cross-talk in FWM-based phase conjugators

Haiqing Wei, Xin Xue, David V. Plant

When a Kerr medium is pumped by a strong laser beam, the nonlinear process of four-wave mixing (FWM) can mix the pump laser and a weak signal to generate a phase-conjugated version of the signal. Optical phase conjugation (OPC) may be employed to compensate the chromatic dispersion and nonlinearity of transmission fibers. It may even serve as a parametric amplifier when the pump is sufficiently intense. Furthermore, the FWM effect is capable of phase-conjugating or amplifying many wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) signals simultaneously. However, the same FWM effect results in parasitic processes by generating inter-mixing terms among the WDM signals. The center frequency of such unwanted mixing terms may coincide with some of the original or conjugated WDM signals to cause significant interference. This paper studies such interference effect by means of theoretical calculation and computer simulation. It is shown that the coherent interference effect decreases as the pump-power to signal-power ratio (PSR) increases. Unfortunately, there could still be strong interference even with a PSR of 20dB. Some guard-band in the frequency domain is necessary to avoid such coherent interference: if the total bandwidth of the WDM signals is W, then the nearest signal should be more than W away from the pump frequency.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jun 17, 2003•0 citations

Optimization of the conversion efficiency and evaluation of the noise figure of an optical frequency converter based on a dual-pump fiber phase sensitive amplifier

Debanuj Chatterjee, Yousra Bouasria, Fabienne Goldfarb +2 more

We propose a new architecture of phase sensitive optical frequency converter based on dual-pump phase sensitive amplification in a highly nonlinear fiber. This frequency converter allows generation of extra tones through nonlinear four-wave mixing between two strong pumps and an input tone. The frequency channel to which the input tone is converted can be chosen by adjusting the phase of the input signal. The conversion efficiency and extinction ratio of this frequency converter are predicted and optimized and its noise figure is calculated using a numerical approach based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. A semi-classical noise figure calculation for this approach was used and validated using an analytical fully quantum calculation based on the multi-wave model.

Optics Express•Oct 19, 2022•6 citations

Influence of multiple four-wave-mixing processes on quantum noise of dual-pump phase-sensitive amplification in a fiber

Kyo Inoue

Phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) based on nonlinear parametric interaction provides low-noise amplification such that the noise figure can be 0 dB in principle. However, when an optical fiber is used as a nonlinear medium for PSA, multiple four-wave-mixing (FWM) processes other than the PSA process are induced, which can degrade the PSA noise performance, especially in dual-pump PSA with a narrow signal-pump wavelength separation. This paper investigates the influence of multiple FWM processes on quantum noise of dual-pump PSA in an optical fiber. The noise figure is calculated using quantum-mechanical operators, considering multiple FWM processes with the PSA process. Calculation examples are also presented, which indicate that the noise figure is degraded by 0.2–0.4 dB from the ideal 0 dB, depending on the signal-pump wavelength separation and fiber parameters.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•May 10, 2019•10 citations

Dual-pump four-wave mixing in a distributed feedback laser

M. Fisher, Alan Hsu, Shun Lien Chuang

In this work, we demonstrate properties of a novel dual-pump four-wave mixing (DPFWM) scheme using a distributed-feedback (DFB) laser. The DFB laser acts as the mixing medium and one of the pump sources, while the second pump and the probe are injected. New experimental results are shown, including successful demonstration of the power laws of this scheme. We also show the effects of the wavelength detunings on the conversion efficiency and the signal-to-noise rations of the output signals.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jul 23, 2003•0 citations
We study the effect of transfer of phase noise in different four wave mixing schemes using a coherent phase noise measurement technique. The nature of phase noise transfer from the pump to the generated wavelengths is shown to be independent of the type of phase noise (1 / f or white noise frequency components). We then propose a novel scheme using dual correlated pumps to prevent the increase in phase noise in the conjugate wavelengths. The proposed scheme is experimentally verified by the all-optical wavelength conversion of a DQPSK signal at 10.7 GBaud.
The four-wave-mixing interactions produced by pumping at two well-separated frequencies can couple four different radiation modes to generate a new kind of squeezed state of light. A dual-frequency homodyne detection scheme is described and is used to observe this type of nonclassical correlation. Initial experimental results in an optical fiber show a noise level 20% below the vacuum noise level for the output of the dual-frequency detector, even though the noise at each individual detector remains above the vacuum level.
When a Kerr medium is pumped by a strong laser beam, the nonlinear process of four-wave mixing (FWM) can mix the pump laser and a weak signal to generate a phase-conjugated version of the signal. Optical phase conjugation (OPC) may be employed to compensate the chromatic dispersion and nonlinearity of transmission fibers. It may even serve as a parametric amplifier when the pump is sufficiently intense. Furthermore, the FWM effect is capable of phase-conjugating or amplifying many wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) signals simultaneously. However, the same FWM effect results in parasitic processes by generating inter-mixing terms among the WDM signals. The center frequency of such unwanted mixing terms may coincide with some of the original or conjugated WDM signals to cause significant interference. This paper studies such interference effect by means of theoretical calculation and computer simulation. It is shown that the coherent interference effect decreases as the pump-power to signal-power ratio (PSR) increases. Unfortunately, there could still be strong interference even with a PSR of 20dB. Some guard-band in the frequency domain is necessary to avoid such coherent interference: if the total bandwidth of the WDM signals is W, then the nearest signal should be more than W away from the pump frequency.
We propose a new architecture of phase sensitive optical frequency converter based on dual-pump phase sensitive amplification in a highly nonlinear fiber. This frequency converter allows generation of extra tones through nonlinear four-wave mixing between two strong pumps and an input tone. The frequency channel to which the input tone is converted can be chosen by adjusting the phase of the input signal. The conversion efficiency and extinction ratio of this frequency converter are predicted and optimized and its noise figure is calculated using a numerical approach based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. A semi-classical noise figure calculation for this approach was used and validated using an analytical fully quantum calculation based on the multi-wave model.
Phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) based on nonlinear parametric interaction provides low-noise amplification such that the noise figure can be 0 dB in principle. However, when an optical fiber is used as a nonlinear medium for PSA, multiple four-wave-mixing (FWM) processes other than the PSA process are induced, which can degrade the PSA noise performance, especially in dual-pump PSA with a narrow signal-pump wavelength separation. This paper investigates the influence of multiple FWM processes on quantum noise of dual-pump PSA in an optical fiber. The noise figure is calculated using quantum-mechanical operators, considering multiple FWM processes with the PSA process. Calculation examples are also presented, which indicate that the noise figure is degraded by 0.2–0.4 dB from the ideal 0 dB, depending on the signal-pump wavelength separation and fiber parameters.