A survey of quantum games

D. Huang, Shuliang Li

Quantum games have gained considerable interest from researchers. In this paper, on the basis of the Web of Science database, through the use of the social network analysis methods, the literature on quantum games is analyzed from three aspects: the keywords co-occurrence, co-authorship, and co-citation. In the process of analysis, the main quantum game models are reviewed with graphical illustrations. Our paper provides a survey and outline of the current status of research in this field, and identify directions for future work.

Vladimir G. Ivancevic, Tijana T. Ivancevic

Laura J. Piispanen, Marcel Pfaffhauser, James R. Wootton +2 more

In this research article, we survey existing quantum physics-related games and, based on this survey, propose a definition for the concept of quantum games. We define a quantum game as any type of rule-based game that either employs the principles of quantum physics or references quantum phenomena or the theory of quantum physics through any of three proposed dimensions: the perceivable dimension of quantum physics, the dimension of quantum technologies, and the dimension of scientific purposes, such as citizen science or education. We also discuss the concept of quantum computer games, which are games on quantum computers, as well as definitions for the concept of science games. Various games explore quantum physics and quantum computing through digital, analogue, and hybrid means, with various incentives driving their development. As interest in games as educational tools for supporting quantum literacy grows, understanding the diverse landscape of quantum games becomes increasingly important. We propose that the three dimensions of quantum games identified in this article be used for designing, analysing, and defining the phenomenon of quantum games.

James R. Wootton

Steven E. Landsburg

Quantum game theory is the study of strategic behavior by agents with access to quantum technology. Broadly speaking, this technology can be employed in either of two ways: As part of a randomization device or as part of a communications protocol. We survey some of the main ideas from both branches of the subject.

Ramón Alonso‐Sanz