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Optics Letters

Spectral inversion with no wavelength shift based on four-wave mixing with orthogonal pump beams

Kyo Inoue

Published Dec 1, 1997• 46 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Generation of phase-conjugate light with no wavelength shift that utilizes four-wave mixing (FWM) with two orthogonal pump beams is discussed. Owing to the polarization properties of nondegenerate FWM, phase-conjugate light generated at the original signal wavelength can be obtained. An experiment using dispersion-shifted fiber as an optical nonlinear medium confirms the proposed scheme.

DOI
10.1364/ol.22.001772

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Generation of phase-conjugate light with no wavelength shift that utilizes four-wave mixing (FWM) with two orthogonal pump beams is discussed. Owing to the polarization properties of nondegenerate FWM, phase-conjugate light generated at the original signal wavelength can be obtained. An experiment using dispersion-shifted fiber as an optical nonlinear medium confirms the proposed scheme.
Nondegenerate four-wave mixing on the j=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}j=1 transition, in a ``V '' system, using orthogonal, circularly polarized pump beams is used to study theoretically the generation of the phase-conjugate signals. The efficiency of generation of the conjugate wave is studied as a function of the various system parameters such as pump-probe detuning, Zeeman splitting, pump-atom detuning, collisional parameters, and the intensities of the pump beams. The origin of the various resonances in the reflectivity is explained. For weak pump fields, some resonances are shown to have subnatural linewidths. In the degenerate case, the reflectivity as a function of pump-atom detuning has, in contrast to a two-level system, a doublet structure for moderate absorption-length parameters and field strengths. The reflectivity is shown to have additional resonances due to pump imbalance. The phase-conjugate signal is also shown to exhibit the pressure-induced extra resonances.
Nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) has been used for wavelength conversion of optical information.1 In such experiments, two beams F-P (frequency ω1) intersect in a nonlinear medium with a small crossing angle θ (≈ 10 mrad), while a third beam B {frequency ω2) is nearly counterpro- pagating to F [Fig. 1(a)]. This can be viewed as real-time holography with frequency conversion.1 However, the physics differ considerably when the medium is transparent at frequency ω1, as there is no optically induced grating. This occurs when FWM is based on resonant two-photon, ω1 + ω2, absorption (frequencies ω1 and ω2 being resonant with a cascade three-level system and ω1 coupling unpopulated excited states). One interesting feature is that the two-photon coherence is nearly Doppler-free and does not depend much on the θ angle.
When a Kerr medium is pumped by a strong laser beam, the nonlinear process of four-wave mixing (FWM) can mix the pump laser and a weak signal to generate a phase-conjugated version of the signal. Optical phase conjugation (OPC) may be employed to compensate the chromatic dispersion and nonlinearity of transmission fibers. It may even serve as a parametric amplifier when the pump is sufficiently intense. Furthermore, the FWM effect is capable of phase-conjugating or amplifying many wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) signals simultaneously. However, the same FWM effect results in parasitic processes by generating inter-mixing terms among the WDM signals. The center frequency of such unwanted mixing terms may coincide with some of the original or conjugated WDM signals to cause significant interference. This paper studies such interference effect by means of theoretical calculation and computer simulation. It is shown that the coherent interference effect decreases as the pump-power to signal-power ratio (PSR) increases. Unfortunately, there could still be strong interference even with a PSR of 20dB. Some guard-band in the frequency domain is necessary to avoid such coherent interference: if the total bandwidth of the WDM signals is W, then the nearest signal should be more than W away from the pump frequency.
Two schemes for polarization-insensitive optical spectral inversion without frequency shift based on four-wave mixing are proposed, both utilizing a conventional semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and two pump waves. The significant advantages of the configurations include their simplicity, effective suppression of the signal and one of the pump waves and a reduction in the noise associated with these polarizations. In addition, the schemes offer broad operating parameter ranges from narrow frequency detunings using short devices in one proposed configuration (type I) and wide frequency detunings using long devices in a second configuration (type II). A specific feature of the second scheme is that polarization-sensitive SOAs can be utilized without compromising the operating characteristics.