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Chinese Physics Letters

Optical Amplification and Slow Light Based on Two-Wave Mixing at Large Modulation Depth

Zhang Yun-Dong, Jianbo Ye, Qiu Wei

Published May 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Based on Kukhtarev's equations, we derive the formulae of intensity-coupling coefficient, the phase-coupling coefficient and the group velocity at large modulation depth. It is theoretically shown that the signal beam can be amplified after passing through the photorefractive crystal and the group velocity reduced to m/s, even cm/s. Meanwhile, we also analyse the influence of the thermal excitation rate and the large signal effects on optical amplification and reduction of light propagation in photorefractive two-wave mixing.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/24/5/034

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Based on Kukhtarev's equations, we derive the formulae of intensity-coupling coefficient, the phase-coupling coefficient and the group velocity at large modulation depth. It is theoretically shown that the signal beam can be amplified after passing through the photorefractive crystal and the group velocity reduced to m/s, even cm/s. Meanwhile, we also analyse the influence of the thermal excitation rate and the large signal effects on optical amplification and reduction of light propagation in photorefractive two-wave mixing.
We show theoretically that the group velocity of light can be slowed down by means of phase coupling in the photorefractive two-wave mixing process. It is shown that the group velocity of light propagating in a photorefractive material could be significantly reduced because of a steep variation of the phase-coupling coefficient with respect to the angular frequency difference between two coupling beams in a two-wave mixing process. The results for the case of a photorefractive Bi12SiO20 crystal are presented and discussed in detail.
We show theoretically that the group velocity of light pulses can be reduced significantly by use of the steep dispersion properties of the phase coupling effect in the photorefractive two-wave mixing process. The group velocity of light pulses of the order of 0.1 m/s can be achieved in typical photorefractive BSO crystals with an appropriate externally applied electric field and moving gratings of appropriate speeds. It is also shown that the slowly propagating light pulses can be set to be amplified after passing through the photorefractive material.
We demonstrate slow and fast light at room temperature by dispersive phase-coupling in a photorefractive SBN:60 crystal. Non-degenerated wave-mixing is used to obtain delayed and amplified pulses with reduced or increased group velocity of vg = 0. 2c m s −1 and vg =− 1. 3c m s −1 , respectively. The gain spectrum is modulated by using multiple frequency shifted pumps simultaneously. The complete dispersion of the spectrum is determined via the phase modulation technique. We compare the experimental results to numerical simulations based on coupled-wave equations.
It has been shown recently (see, e.g., Nature, 397, 594, 1999; 409, 490, 2001) that light pulses can be remarkably slowed down in resonant gases under very low temperatures. We show theoretically and experimentally that a similar in nature (and stronger in value) phenomenon occurs in photorefractive nonlinear media. The pulse-maximum velocity can be reduced here to the value of thickness/response time because of the two wave coupling effect. Specific properties of pulse propagation depend on the type of the photorefractive response and also duration and shape of the input pulse. Our theoretical results for the nonlocal nonlinear response are in a good agreement with experimental data obtained with BaTiO3 and Sn2P2S6 crystals.
Slow and fast light are achieved in two experiments using SPS photorefractive crystal at room temperature. We report that the photorefractive gain achieved by the two wave mixing (TWM) method can control the group velocity of the transmitted light pulses at visible wavelength. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the time delay and the shape of the output pulse change as a function of the photorefractive gain. The beam fanning has also been used to control the velocity propagation of a single light pulse in the same crystal at λ = 1064 nm. Depending on the orientation of the polar axis, it is possible to accelerate or decelerate a short pulse with duration of order of μs in the crystal.