In this study we introduce and describe in details the hybrid-epistemic model for quantum mechanics. The main differences with respect to the standard model are following: (1) the measurement process is considered as an internal process inside quantum mechanics, i.e. it does not make a part of axioms and (2) the process of the observation of the state of the individual measuring system is introduced into axioms. The intrinsic measurement process is described in two variants (simplified and generalized). Our model contains hybrid, epistemic and hybrid-epistemic systems. Each hybrid system contains a unique orthogonal base composed from homogeneous (i.e. ontic) states. We show that in our model the measurement problem is consistently solvable. Our model represents the rational compromise between the Bohr’s view (the ontic model) and the Einstein’s view (the epistemic model).
We present a generic model of (non-destructive) quantum measurement. Being formulated within reversible quantum mechanics, the model illustrates a mechanism of a measurement process --- a transition of the measured system to an eigenstate of the measured observable. The model consists of a two-level system
μ interacting with a larger system
A, consisting of smaller subsystems. The interaction is modelled as a scattering process. Restricting the states of
A to product states leads to a bifurcation process: In the limit of a large system
A, the initial states of
A that are efficient in leading to a final state are divided into two separated subsets. For each of these subsets,
μ ends up in one of the eigenstates of the measured observable. The probabilities obtained in this branching confirm the Born rule.