Collective Excited States in Atoms

G. V. Gadiyak, D.A. Kirzhnits, Yu. E. Lozovik

Edward A. Manykin, M. I. Ozhovan, Pavel P. Poluektov

Danfu Liang, Yifu Zhu, Hebin Li

Collective resonance of interacting particles has important implications in many-body quantum systems and their applications. Strong interactions can lead to a blockade that prohibits the excitation of a collective resonance of two or more nearby atoms. However, a collective resonance can be excited with the presence of weak interaction and has been observed for atoms in the first excited state (P state). Here, we report the observation of collective resonance of rubidium atoms in a higher excited state (D state) in addition to the first excited state. The collective resonance is excited by a double-quantum four-pulse excitation sequence. The resulting double-quantum two-dimensional (2D) spectrum displays well-isolated peaks that can be attributed to collective resonances of atoms in P and D states. The experimental one-quantum and double-quantum 2D spectra can be reproduced by a simulation based on the perturbative solutions to the optical Bloch equations, confirming collective resonances as the origin of the measured spectra. The experimental technique provides a new approach for preparing and probing collective resonances of atoms in highly excited states.

F. J. Kok

Vyacheslav I. Yukalov, K. Ziegler

The effect of collective phonon excitations on the properties of cold atoms in optical lattices is investigated. These phonon excitations are collective excitations, whose appearance is caused by intersite atomic interactions correlating the atoms, and they do not arise without such interactions. These collective excitations should not be confused with lattice vibrations produced by an external force. No such force is assumed. But the considered phonons are purely self-organized collective excitations, characterizing atomic oscillations around lattice sites, due to intersite atomic interactions. It is shown that these excitations can essentially influence the possibility of atoms' being localized. The states that would be insulating in the absence of phonon excitations can become delocalized when these excitations are taken into account. This concerns long-range as well as local atomic interactions. To characterize the region of stability, the Lindemann criterion is used.

Karl Taylor Compton