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Scientific American

The Excited States of Atoms

Karl Taylor Compton

Published Nov 1, 1926• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1038/scientificamerican1126-330

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With the use of two-step laser excitation, it is shown that the state distributions of highly excited barium atoms are substantially altered by inelastic collisions with barium atoms. For ``pure'' Rydberg states the initially produced ns or nd eigenstates are rapidly mixed with nearly degenerate n'l' states. For initially produced states that may be viewed as admixtures of Rydberg and doubly excited independent-electron eigenstates, collisions convert the distribution to one with nearly pure, albeit state-mixed, Rydberg character. Broadening of the absorption profiles of the highly excited states is also observed. This effect results from quasistatic interaction between two highly excited atoms during the excitation. Beyond a critical excited-atom density, avalanche effects lead to an apparent narrowing of these profiles which subsequently broaden at still higher atom density.

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Abstract General expressions for the time‐dependent probability amplitudes of the quantum states of two arbitrary, interacting atoms are calculated when one atom is initially in an excited p state and the other atom is in an s ground state. The lifetimes of the excited states and the line shape of the emitted radiation are obtained as functions of both the atomic separation and the energy difference between the excited states of the two atoms. The emission line shape is shown to be doubly peaked and to agree with the line shape of the radiation scattered by a system of two interacting atoms. The expressions for the lifetimes of the excited states are found to be identical to those obtained for the radiation scattering situation.

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Excited atoms

A Correspondent

Nature•Sep 1, 1975•0 citations
With the use of two-step laser excitation, it is shown that the state distributions of highly excited barium atoms are substantially altered by inelastic collisions with barium atoms. For ``pure'' Rydberg states the initially produced ns or nd eigenstates are rapidly mixed with nearly degenerate n'l' states. For initially produced states that may be viewed as admixtures of Rydberg and doubly excited independent-electron eigenstates, collisions convert the distribution to one with nearly pure, albeit state-mixed, Rydberg character. Broadening of the absorption profiles of the highly excited states is also observed. This effect results from quasistatic interaction between two highly excited atoms during the excitation. Beyond a critical excited-atom density, avalanche effects lead to an apparent narrowing of these profiles which subsequently broaden at still higher atom density.
Abstract General expressions for the time‐dependent probability amplitudes of the quantum states of two arbitrary, interacting atoms are calculated when one atom is initially in an excited p state and the other atom is in an s ground state. The lifetimes of the excited states and the line shape of the emitted radiation are obtained as functions of both the atomic separation and the energy difference between the excited states of the two atoms. The emission line shape is shown to be doubly peaked and to agree with the line shape of the radiation scattered by a system of two interacting atoms. The expressions for the lifetimes of the excited states are found to be identical to those obtained for the radiation scattering situation.
Van der Waals interactions are dipole-dipole interactions. In this article, we study the quantum information storage using repulsive van der Waals interaction coupled states. It is shown that if one atom is excited, the second excited atom will be able to change the state distribution of the first excited atom. This can be used to do remote control at the quantum level. In addition, by analyzing the components of the first excited atom, the distance between the two excited atoms and the state distribution of the second excited atom can be extracted. Such systems are essential for developing single-atom quantum sensors.