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Journal of Mathematical Physics

Relations for Clebsch–Gordan and Racah coefficients in suq(2) and Yang–Baxter equations

Masao Nomura

Published Oct 1, 1989• 84 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Relations are exploited among Clebsch–Gordan (CG) and Racah coefficients in the algebra suq(2), known as a deformation of su(2). These are used to show that the Yang–Baxter (YB) relation for the IRF (interaction round a face) model results from one of the symmetry relations for the 9-j symbol specific to suq(2), and that in an asymptotic limit this YB relation becomes the YB relation for the two-dimensional vertex model. The Racah coefficient, which has a particularly simple dependence on q, is efficiently used such that an asymptotic limit of the Racah coefficient is the CG coefficient and another limit gives the factorized S matrix of the vertex model.

DOI
10.1063/1.528612

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Relations are exploited among Clebsch–Gordan (CG) and Racah coefficients in the algebra suq(2), known as a deformation of su(2). These are used to show that the Yang–Baxter (YB) relation for the IRF (interaction round a face) model results from one of the symmetry relations for the 9-j symbol specific to suq(2), and that in an asymptotic limit this YB relation becomes the YB relation for the two-dimensional vertex model. The Racah coefficient, which has a particularly simple dependence on q, is efficiently used such that an asymptotic limit of the Racah coefficient is the CG coefficient and another limit gives the factorized S matrix of the vertex model.
A trigonometric function parametrization of Yang-Baxter (Y-B) relations is described in terms of n - j symbols of su q (2), a deformation of su (2). The formalism starts with deduction of the Y-B relation for the IRF (interaction round a face) model of su q (2) from a general operator relation for the vertex model. The relation obtained for the IRF model is transformed into the Y-B relation for the vertex model using the property that the 3- j symbol is an asymptotic limit of the 6- j symbol. A class of very general solutions to Y-B equations is also presented. This solution of the IRF model with infinite rapidity parameters is linked to a symmetry of the 12- j symbol of the second kind.
Quantum algebra deforming maps explicitly define comultiplications that differ from the usual noncocommutative coproducts. Map-induced coproducts are connected to the usual ones by similarity transformations U that may be expressed either in terms of Clebsch–Gordan coefficients, or in a universal operator form. The product of two such U matrices yields the R matrix for a fixed value of the spectral parameter, which bears on the Yang–Baxterization of U as well as R. All this is explicitly illustrated for the tensor product 1/2⊗j of SU(2)q using several deforming maps whose coproducts are continuously connected by similarity transformations to form a two-parameter manifold. Some observations are made on the general structure of U and R matrices, and of coproduct manifolds, based on the solutions of hierarchies of partial difference equations. Applications of deforming maps and U matrices to the physics of spin-chains are outlined.
An analog of the Yang-Baxter Algebra (YBA) is defined in face language. The operators tαα′,ββ′(θ) introduced here enjoy all essential properties of the vertex language YBA. Using this face YBA an algebraic Bethe Ansatz (BA) is constructed for SOS models (unrestricted IRF models). The face dual of the six-vertex model and the critical ABF model are worked out explicitly. Eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the transfer matrix are found and the corresponding BA equations derived and compared with the six vertex BAE.
In this paper we review the theory of the Yang–Baxter equation related to the 6-vertex model and its higher spin generalizations. We employ a 3D approach to the problem. Starting with the 3D R-matrix, we consider a two-layer projection of the corresponding 3D lattice model. As a result, we obtain a new expression for the higher spin R-matrix associated with the affine quantum algebra Uq(sl(2)ˆ). In the simplest case of the spin s=1/2 this R-matrix naturally reduces to the R-matrix of the 6-vertex model. Taking a special limit in our construction we also obtain new formulas for the Q-operators acting in the representation space of arbitrary (half-)integer spin. Remarkably, this construction can be naturally extended to any complex values of spin s. We also give all functional equations satisfied by the transfer-matrices and Q-operators.