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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Parity-controlled Coulomb-blockade effects identified by shot noise

Ulrik Hanke, M. Gisselfält, Yu. Galperin, M. Jonson, Robert I Shekhter, K. A. Chao

Published Jul 15, 1994• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We develop a microscopic theory for charge transfer through a single-electron transistor containing a superconducting grain. Both tunnel current and shot noise are shown to be sensitive to the parity of the electron number on the grain. In particular, tunneling may cross over from pair channels to two distinct single-particle channels at finite voltage. The two corresponding threshold voltages are sensitive to the circuit parameters. While it is difficult to identify them from the I-V curve, they can be determined from the normalized zero-frequency noise and the finite-frequency noise spectrum.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.50.1953

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We develop a microscopic theory for charge transfer through a single-electron transistor containing a superconducting grain. Both tunnel current and shot noise are shown to be sensitive to the parity of the electron number on the grain. In particular, tunneling may cross over from pair channels to two distinct single-particle channels at finite voltage. The two corresponding threshold voltages are sensitive to the circuit parameters. While it is difficult to identify them from the I-V curve, they can be determined from the normalized zero-frequency noise and the finite-frequency noise spectrum.
It is shown that the noise-limited charge sensitivity of a single-electron transistor using superconductors (of either SISIS- or NISIN-type) operating near the threshold of quasiparticle tunneling, can be considerably higher than that of a similar transistor made of normal metals or semiconductors. The reason is that the superconducting energy gap, in contrast to the Coulomb blockade, is not smeared by the finite temperature. We also discuss the increase of the maximum operation temperature due to superconductivity and the peaklike features on the I–V curve of SISIS structures.
We analyze charge tunneling statistics and current noise in a superconducting single-electron transistor in a regime where the Josephson-quasiparticle cycle is the dominant mechanism of transport. Due to the interplay between Coulomb blockade and Josephson coherence, the probability distribution for tunneling events strongly deviates from a Poissonian and displays a pronounced even-odd asymmetry in the number of transmitted charges. The interplay between charging and coherence is reflected also in the zero-frequency current noise which is significantly quenched when the quasiparticle tunneling rates are comparable to the coherent Cooper pair oscillation frequency. Furthermore, the finite frequency spectrum shows a strong enhancement near the resonant transition frequency for Josephson tunneling.
We analyze charge tunneling statistics and current noise in a superconducting single-electron transistor in a regime where the Josephson-quasiparticle cycle is the dominant mechanism of transport. Due to the interplay between Coulomb blockade and Josephson coherence, the probability distribution for tunneling events strongly deviates from a Poissonian and displays a pronounced even-odd asymmetry in the number of transmitted charges. The interplay between charging and coherence is reflected also in the zero-frequency current noise which is significantly quenched when the quasiparticle tunneling rates are comparable to the coherent Cooper pair oscillation frequency. Furthermore, the finite frequency spectrum shows a strong enhancement near the resonant transition frequency for Josephson tunneling.
We study intrinsic noise of current in a superconducting single-electron transistor, taking into account both coherence effects and Coulomb interaction near a Cooper pair resonance. Because of this interplay, the statistics of tunneling events deviates from the Poisson distribution and, more important, it shows even-odd asymmetry in the transmitted charge. The zero-frequency noise is suppressed significantly when the quasiparticle tunneling rates are comparable to the coherent oscillation frequency of Cooper pairs.
We study the Josephson current through a superconducting grain coupled by two tunnel junctions to macroscopic superconducting leads. As a result of the Coulomb blockade we predict the critical Josephson current to have a threshold behavior when the superconducting gap is suppressed below the charging energy by a magnetic field. This effect is a direct consequence of a discrimination by the superconducting ground state between odd and even number of electrons on the grain. The critical current is periodically modulated by the voltage of a gate electrostatically coupled to the grain. We find a characteristic change in this modulation at the threshold.
We study intrinsic noise of current in a superconducting single-electron transistor, taking into account both coherence effects and Coulomb interaction near a Cooper pair resonance. Because of this interplay, the statistics of tunneling events deviates from the Poisson distribution and, more important, it shows even-odd asymmetry in the transmitted charge. The zero-frequency noise is suppressed significantly when the quasiparticle tunneling rates are comparable to the coherent oscillation frequency of Cooper pairs.