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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Sub-shot-noise measurements using the beat note between quantum-correlated photon beams

J. J. Snyder, E. Giacobino, M. Ducloy, Claude Fabre, A. Heidmann

Published Oct 1, 1990• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a new method for optical measurements below the shot-noise limit. The method is based on detecting the beat note between the two quantum-correlated beams emitted by a nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator operating above threshold. Such a method can be used to enhance the sensitivity of light-scattering and polarization-rotation measurements.

DOI
10.1364/josab.7.002132

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We propose a new method for optical measurements below the shot-noise limit. The method is based on detecting the beat note between the two quantum-correlated beams emitted by a nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator operating above threshold. Such a method can be used to enhance the sensitivity of light-scattering and polarization-rotation measurements.
Nondegenerate optical parametric oscillators generate above-threshold signal and idler beams that have intensity fluctuations correlated at the quantum level (twin beams). We describe what is to our knowledge the first high-sensitivity spectroscopy experiment using twin beams emitted by a cw optical parametric oscillator: a very weak two-photon absorption signal, in the 10(-7) range, is recorded on the 4S(1/2)-5S(1/2) transition of atomic potassium with a noise background that is reduced by 1.9 dB with respect to the shot-noise limit of the light used in the experiment.
It has been recently shown theoretically1 and experimentally2 that nondegenerate optical parametric oscillators generate above threshold intense and highly correlated twin beams. More precisely, the noise on the difference between the intensities of the two beams is well below the shot noise for noise frequencies inside the cavity bandwidth. An application of this quantum correlation is to measure the intensity of one beam and use this information to correct the fluctuations of the other beam by optoelectronic means (photodiode, amplifier, and electrooptic modulator). The correction may be applied either on the pumping beam (feedback correction) or directly on the twin beam itself (feed-forward correction).