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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

The Hanle effect with transverse static and oscillating magnetic fields

C D Chapman

Published Apr 1, 1970• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Hanle effects signals originating in the 6 3 P 1 level of 199 Hg, produced by a quasistatic magnetic field, are altered by the application of a strong radio frequency magnetic field at right angles to the static field. The Hanle profiles are broadened, and time dependent components appear in the fluorescent optical field, whose intensities and linewidths are resonant functions of a static magnetic field parallel to the r.f. field.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/3/4/015

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The Hanle effects signals originating in the 6 3 P 1 level of 199 Hg, produced by a quasistatic magnetic field, are altered by the application of a strong radio frequency magnetic field at right angles to the static field. The Hanle profiles are broadened, and time dependent components appear in the fluorescent optical field, whose intensities and linewidths are resonant functions of a static magnetic field parallel to the r.f. field.
The history of the discovery, study, and explanation of the effect discovered fifty years ago by the German physicist Hanle and its development and generalization by the French school of physicists led by Kastler are described. The effect is observed optically in an increase in the degree of depolarization of the resonance fluorescence. It is studied in the range of magnetic fields in which the Zeeman splitting of the atomic magnetic sublevels does not exceed the level widths determined by thermal relaxation mechanisms and electromagnetic interaction. It is a direct optical manifestation of interference of degenerate atomic states and is intimately connected with the conservation law for the angular momentum of the photon-atom system. In the review, different applications of the effect to the measurement of mean lifetimes, linewidths, and Stark splitting constants of atoms in excited states are given. The resonance scattering of light by atoms in the ground state in a weak magnetic field is considered in detail—in particular, in the presence of radio-frequency magnetic fields oriented in different ways. The different possible types of parametric resonances in one or two radio-frequency fields for arbitrary orientation of the constant magnetic field are interpreted as the effect of crossing of the levels of an atom that is dressed by the radio-frequency field. Applications of the effect in the quantum magnetometry of ultraweak fields (down to 10-10 Oe) are examined.
The Hanle effect of the resonance line 326.1 nm (5 1 S 0 -5 3 P 1 ) of Cd has been studied under the influence of a magnetic RF field rotating with frequency omega 0 in a plane perpendicular to the static magnetic field H. This non-resonant RF field causes a shift of the Hanle signal that is large compared with the natural linewidth for strong RF fields. The measured line shifts are in good agreement with the semiclassical theory of Dodd and Series (1961). As predicted by the theory a coherence resonance could be observed near H approximately=-H 0 =- omega 0 / gamma .
Behavior of the optically pumped atoms in the oscillating rf field is analized classically in terms of the macroscopic magnetization, in the case that the static magnetic field has components both parallel and perpendicular to the rf field. The theory predicts that the g -factor is modified by the rf field when the Hanle effect and the parametric resonance take place, and that the effect makes its appearance in the variation of width and maxima of lines of the Hanle effect and the parametric resonance. The modification of the g -factor is also derived by the quantum mechanical treatment. The theoretical predictions are quantitatively verified by the experiments with cesium vapor.