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Applied Optics

Multiple-image authentication with a cascaded multilevel architecture based on amplitude field random sampling and phase information multiplexing

Desheng Fan, Xiangfeng Meng, Yurong Wang, Xiulun Yang, Xuemei Pan, Xiang Peng, Wenqi He, Guoyan Dong, Hongyi Chen

Published Apr 6, 2015• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A multiple-image authentication method with a cascaded multilevel architecture in the Fresnel domain is proposed, in which a synthetic encoded complex amplitude is first fabricated, and its real amplitude component is generated by iterative amplitude encoding, random sampling, and space multiplexing for the low-level certification images, while the phase component of the synthetic encoded complex amplitude is constructed by iterative phase information encoding and multiplexing for the high-level certification images. Then the synthetic encoded complex amplitude is iteratively encoded into two phase-type ciphertexts located in two different transform planes. During high-level authentication, when the two phase-type ciphertexts and the high-level decryption key are presented to the system and then the Fresnel transform is carried out, a meaningful image with good quality and a high correlation coefficient with the original certification image can be recovered in the output plane. Similar to the procedure of high-level authentication, in the case of low-level authentication with the aid of a low-level decryption key, no significant or meaningful information is retrieved, but it can result in a remarkable peak output in the nonlinear correlation coefficient of the output image and the corresponding original certification image. Therefore, the method realizes different levels of accessibility to the original certification image for different authority levels with the same cascaded multilevel architecture.

DOI
10.1364/ao.54.003204

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A multiple-image authentication method with a cascaded multilevel architecture in the Fresnel domain is proposed, in which a synthetic encoded complex amplitude is first fabricated, and its real amplitude component is generated by iterative amplitude encoding, random sampling, and space multiplexing for the low-level certification images, while the phase component of the synthetic encoded complex amplitude is constructed by iterative phase information encoding and multiplexing for the high-level certification images. Then the synthetic encoded complex amplitude is iteratively encoded into two phase-type ciphertexts located in two different transform planes. During high-level authentication, when the two phase-type ciphertexts and the high-level decryption key are presented to the system and then the Fresnel transform is carried out, a meaningful image with good quality and a high correlation coefficient with the original certification image can be recovered in the output plane. Similar to the procedure of high-level authentication, in the case of low-level authentication with the aid of a low-level decryption key, no significant or meaningful information is retrieved, but it can result in a remarkable peak output in the nonlinear correlation coefficient of the output image and the corresponding original certification image. Therefore, the method realizes different levels of accessibility to the original certification image for different authority levels with the same cascaded multilevel architecture.
A new kind of multilevel authentication system based on the (t, n) threshold secret sharing scheme and the iterative phase retrieval algorithm in Fresnel domain is proposed, in which, the first phase distribution iteratively generated is divided into n parts and delivered to n different participants, during high-level authentication, any t (t ≤ n) or more of them can be collected to reconstruct the original meaningful certification image; While in the case of low-level authentication, any t − 1 or fewer will gain no significant information of certification image, however, it can result in a remarkable peak output in the nonlinear correlation coefficient of the recovered image and the standard certification image, which can successfully provide an additional authentication layer for the high-level authentication. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations both validate the feasibility of our proposed scheme.
A novel hierarchical image encryption system based on cascaded multiple-phase retrieval by an iterative Fresnel-transform algorithm is proposed. In this method a series of phase masks cascaded in free space is employed to retrieve different target hidden images in their corresponding hierarchical levels. It can realize different levels of accessibility to the secret data for different authority levels with the same system, and the higher level authority can get access to more hidden images. This approach can achieve fast convergence and high quality of the recovered images without any recognizable cross-talk noise or distortion, and the security level of this system is further enhanced by the use of a series of supplemental keys such as the orders of cascaded phase masks and the geometrical parameters in addition to all the iterated phase masks as principal keys. The feasibility of this method and its unique features are verified and analysed by computer simulations.
In this study, we report on the recent developments of optical image authentication algorithms. Compared with conventional optical encryption, optical image authentication achieves more security strength because such methods do not need to recover information of plaintext totally during the decryption period. Several recently proposed authentication systems are briefly introduced. We also propose a novel multiple-image authentication system, where multiple original images are encoded into a photon-limited encoded image by using a triple-plane based phase retrieval algorithm and photon counting imaging (PCI) technique. One can only recover a noise-like image using correct keys. To check authority of multiple images, a nonlinear fractional correlation is employed to recognize the original information hidden in the decrypted results. The proposal can be implemented optically using a cascaded phase filtering configuration. Computer simulation results are presented to evaluate the performance of this proposal and its effectiveness.
Abstract A novel optical multiple-image authentication scheme based on the phase retrieval algorithm is presented in gyrator domain. According to a plain image, only one phase-only mask is obtained as the encrypted result by using the proposed phase retrieval algorithm, which has a fast convergence rate and good performance on mean square error. Afterwards, the sparsely encrypted distribution is extracted from the phase-only mask by selecting a certain percentage of pixels randomly. Different from other multiple-image authentication system based on space multiplexing, all sparsely encrypted distributions of plain images are finally integrated into the ciphertext by making use of the inter-modulation operation of phase masks, where the decryption process can be performed efficiently without any cross-talk noise and the encrypted capacity is nearly unlimited. Only when the secret keys are correct, the content of the plain images can be authenticated, in which the authentication process can be implemented optically by using the architecture of double random phase encoding. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of the proposed scheme.
In this paper, an improved multiple-image authentication based on optical interference by wavelength multiplexing is proposed, which has high security and easy optical implementation. The Fresnel spectra of original images are diffracted from the same axial position but by different wavelengths, which makes the optical implementation easy and stable without any mechanical translation. Then, the Fresnel spectra are sparsely sampled by predesigned binary amplitude masks and diffracted again, and all spectra are multiplexed into one synthetized spectrum. Finally, the synthetized spectrum is analytically decomposed into one phase-only mask and one amplitude-only mask by an improved interference-based encryption (IBE) scheme. Benefiting from the wavelength multiplexing, the encryption capacity is enlarged, and the optical implementation for decryption becomes easy. With the aid of the sparse sampling, every decrypted image could be entirely unrecognizable but authenticated by nonlinear correlation. Moreover, instead of a conventional IBE, an improved IBE is used in this scheme, which can attenuate the information leakage and further enhance the security. Various numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this scheme.
We report a novel optical method of interference-based multiple-image encryption and authentication via lateral shift multiplexing and sparsification. We encode multiple original images into two ciphertexts only containing partial information of the multiple images when the secret key generated randomly is laterally movable within a predefined interval, and we analytically derive the two other keys of each original image. Information discrimination for each original image as well as its silhouette is still prohibited in spite of the utilization of one, two, three, or even four masks for decryption. The three secret keys of each original image significantly improve the security of the proposed method, and binary amplitude masks are included in the decryption and authentication procedure. Moreover, the proposed scheme completely eliminates the cross-talk problem and destroys any high correlation between the plaintexts and ciphertexts. Numerical simulations are executed to prove the effectiveness and security of this scheme.