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Information Sciences

Unconditionally secure cryptosystems based on quantum cryptography

Yu‐Fang Chung, Zhen Yu Wu, Tzer‐Shyong Chen

Published Dec 4, 2007• 14 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.ins.2007.11.013

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Most cryptographic works these days have employed mathematical concepts to design cryptosystems and algorithms.Therefore, mathematical concepts have become critical in the designing of cryptosystems, and are generally used to analyze cryptosystems and protocols, supporting the allegation that the intended cryptosystem is secure.In earlier cryptosystems, most algorithms were based on either factorization or discrete logarithm problem.This system has an overtly simple mathematical background and so, requires extensive secondary index computation.Therefore, a securer method must be developed to protect system security and to optimize system efficiency.Quantum cryptography detects intrusion and wiretapping.In quantum mechanics, a wiretap is not external or passive, but the opposite-changing its entity according to the internal component of the system.The status of the system changes once a wiretap is detected.Therefore, only the designer of the system can determine the quantum status of the system; eavesdroppers can neither determine the quantum status nor duplicate the system.Since quantum cryptosystem can reach unconditional security, it actually guarantees secure communication.Accordingly, this study examines quantum cryptography and contributes to secure quantum cryptography.
Whereas quantum cryptography ensures security by virtue of complete indistinguishability of nonorthogonal quantum states attenuation in quantum communication channels and unavailability of single-photon sources present major problems. In view of these difficulties the security of quantum cryptography can change from unconditional to conditional. Since the restrictions imposed by nonrelativistic quantum mechanics and used to formulate key distribution protocols are largely exhausted new principles are required. The fundamental relativistic causality principle in quantum cryptography can be used to propose a new approach to ensuring unconditional security of quantum cryptosystems that eliminates the aforementioned difficulties. Quantum cryptosystems of this kind should obviously be called relativistic. It is shown that relativistic quantum cryptosystems remain unconditionally secure: first attenuation in a quantum communication channel can only reduce the key generation rate but not the security of the key second the source may not generate pure single-photon states and a nonzero single-photon probability will suffice. The scheme remains secure even if the contribution of a single-photon component is arbitrarily small. This formally implies that a state may be characterized by an arbitrarily large mean photon number. The single-photon probability affects only the key generation rate but not security.