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Quantum and Semiclassical Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part B

Sub-Poissonian light by spatial soliton filtering

Antonio Mecozzi, Prem Kumar

Published Apr 1, 1998• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that spatial filtering of Kerr spatial solitons produces sub-Poissonian (amplitude-squeezed) light. Filtering can be performed in either the near field or the far field of the spatial soliton at the output of the Kerr medium. Up to 6.5 dB of squeezing is predicted by placing a square aperture of 82% transmittance in the far field.

DOI
10.1088/1355-5111/10/2/003

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We show that spatial filtering of Kerr spatial solitons produces sub-Poissonian (amplitude-squeezed) light. Filtering can be performed in either the near field or the far field of the spatial soliton at the output of the Kerr medium. Up to 6.5 dB of squeezing is predicted by placing a square aperture of 82% transmittance in the far field.
Intensity squeezed light was successfully generated using semiconductor lasers with sub-Poissonian pumping. Control of the pumping statistics is crucial and is achieved by a large series resistor which regulates the pump current; its sub-Poissonian statistics are then transferred to the laser output. The sub-Poissonian pumping of other laser systems is not so simple, however, and their potential as squeezed states sources is apparently diminished. We consider a conventional laser incoherently pumped well above threshold, and allow for pump depletion of the ground state. In this regime, sub-Poissonian photon statistics and squeezed amplitude fluctuations are produced.
Convenient methods of generating amplitude-squeezed (sub-Poissonian) light have recently been discovered, which rely on the use of soliton-like pulses in fibers. The idea of squeezing solitons in fibers is; what is new, however, is the use of femtosecond pulses in conjunction with asymmetric Sagnac loops. Since femtosecond solitons have a correspondingly high peak power, much shorter fiber lengths are required to obtain a given amount of squeezing, which directly translates into lowering of the guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering noise in the system. The use of an asymmetric Sagnac loop leads to a robust, practically very stable configuration for generating amplitude squeezing. In a related development, spectral filtering of femtosecond solitons emerging from a straight piece of fiber has also been shown to generate sub-Poissonian light.
Summary form only given.Recently, a novel way of generating an amplitude-squeezed state using the Kerr nonlinearity has been demonstrated. In this scheme, a pulse with an energy greater than that of the fundamental soliton is launched into an optical fiber with a length of several soliton periods. At the fiber output, the pulse is filtered and detected. The resulting photocurrent has a noise level lower then the shot noise, indicating an amplitude-squeezed state. Here, we demonstrate that soliton amplitude squeezing can be obtained without postfiltering.
Waveguides on a chip represent a new medium for implementing nonlinear optical transformations of light. Modern Si 3 N 4 chip waveguides are attractive due to their high Kerr nonlinearity, suppressed Brillouin scattering on guided acoustic waves (GAWBS), and lengths up to 1 m. The capabilities of waveguides for generating sub-Poissonian light in the form of a displaced Kerr state are analyzed. We offer new analytical formulas, to the best of our knowledge, for estimating the capabilities of suppressing photon fluctuations of a displaced Kerr state for any value of input light amplitude. The results of numerical calculations are presented. It is shown that the degree of photon noise suppression can reach values of 5–15 dB with 100 mW light power in waveguides a few meters long.
The squeezing and sub-Poissonian eects of light in third harmonic generation are investigated based on the fully quantum mechanical approach up to the rst order Hamiltonian interaction in gt, where g is the coupling constant between the modes per second and t is the interaction time between the waves during the process in a nonlinear medium.The coupled Heisenberg equations of motion involving real and imaginary parts of the quadrature operators are established.The occurrence of amplitude squeezing eects in both the quadratures of the radiation eld in the fundamental mode is investigated and found to be dependent on the selective phase values of the eld amplitude.The photon statistics of the pump mode in this process have also been investigated and found to be sub-Poissonian in nature.It is shown that for particular phase values the amplitude squeezing and sub-Poissonian photon statistics of light occur simultaneously.It is observed that there is no possibility to produce squeezed light in the harmonic mode up to rst-order interaction in gt.Further, it is found that the normal squeezing in the harmonic mode directly depends upon the amplitude-cubed squeezing of the initial pump eld to the case of second-order interaction in gt.This gives a method of converting higher-order (amplitude-cubed) squeezing of the fundamental mode into normal squeezing of the harmonic mode and vice versa.
We study the statistical properties of squeezed Kerr states generated by squeezing, with a two-photon parametric process, the output of a Kerr medium whose input is coherent light. The squeezing has the effect of allowing the photon statistics to depend on the Kerr nonlinearity. Without the squeezing the statistics are Poissonian, but after squeezing they may be either sub-Poissonian or super-Poissonian. We also study the Q-function quasiprobability distribution for these states and related distributions associated with the quantum-mechanical phase. Finally, we show that quadrature squeezing can be enhanced and that squeezing and sub-Poissonian statistics can coexist.