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The European Physical Journal D

Femtosecond laser pulse train effect on Doppler profile of cesium resonance lines

Nataša Vujičić, Silvije Vdović, Damir Aumiler, Ticijana Ban, Hrvoje Skenderović, Goran Pichler

Published Dec 6, 2006• 12 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjd/e2006-00261-5

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We investigate coherent accumulation processes in three-level atoms excited by a train of ultrashort pulses in the case where the atomic relaxation times are greater than the laser repetition period. In this situation the resonances of the laser field with the atomic system are determined by the laser frequency comb rather than by the spectrum of a single pulse. Using the density matrix formalism, we develop a perturbative theory that is valid for arbitrary pulse shapes. The excitation of a Doppler-broadened atomic vapor by hyperbolic-secant pulses and $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulses is analyzed. It is shown that pulse shape has a great influence on the accumulation process and can change the spectral periodicity of the pattern impressed on the Doppler profile of the medium due to the two-photon absorption process. The effect of interpulse phases is also investigated, and we show that the atomic populations can vary by more than one order of magnitude with small variations of the laser repetition rate, while being insensitive to variations of the laser offset. Finally, the theory is adapted for the temporal-coherent-control technique, and its results are compared with previously reported experimental data.
It is known that ultrashort pulse coherent propagation through the resonant absorbing medium leads to the pulse splitting and pulse train generation. First of these pulses is the input pulse and the following pulses are resonant medium response. It is also known that such a propagation mode leads to the «spectrum condensation» effect, at which broad-band input femtosecond laser emission, as it leaves opically-dense medium, centralized in the vicinity of the resonance absorption lines. It's interesting to clear up the dependence of a condensation effect on an input femtosecond pulse phase modulation value (chirp).
An investigation was made of selective specular reflection from 133Cs vapor in the range of atomic concentrations between 4×1013 and 2×1015 cm−3 where collisional broadening of the D2 line is less than the Doppler broadening. The radiation source was an injection laser. Intra-Doppler resonances corresponding to the hyperfine structure of the excited state were recorded in the selective reflection profile. Shifts of the reflection resonances relative to the luminescence resonances of the atomic beam did not exceed 50 MHz. The possiblity of using selective reflection for linear spectroscopy of atomic lines without Doppler broadening is discussed.