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Springer eBooks

Nonclassical, two-photon interferometry and lithography with high-gain optical parametric amplifiers

Elna M. Nagasako, Sean J. Bentley, Robert W. Boyd, G. S. Agarwal

Published Jan 1, 2003• 20 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4419-8907-9_38

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Nonclassical two-photon interferometry and lithography with high-gain parametric amplifiers

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Optical parametric amplification is a process that leads to the generation of quantum states of light. In the limit of low single-pass gain, this process is often referred to as parametric down conversion, and produces entangled two-photon states. Such states have played a key role in recent studies of quantum optical effects such as quantum teleportation. As the gain of the parametric amplification process is increased, the generated light field still possesses strong quantum correlations, but not of the sort associated with two-photon states. Here we present an analysis of the output state of a parametric amplifier as a function of the single-pass gain, and we find certain signatures of quantum light (such as the vanishing of the coincidence rate in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer) disappear in the high-gain limit, whereas others (such as the existence of two-photon interference fringes) remain. Consequently, the intense light field generated by a high-gain parametric amplifier can be utilized in such applications of quantum optics.

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Quantum lithography proposes to adopt entangled quantum states in order to increase resolution in interferometry. In the present paper we experimentally demonstrate that the output of a high-gain optical parametric amplifier can be intense yet exhibits quantum features, namely, sub-Rayleigh fringes, as proposed by [Agarwal et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1389 (2001)]. We investigate multiphoton states generated by a high-gain optical parametric amplifier operating with a quantum vacuum input for gain values up to 2.5. The visibility has then been increased by means of three-photon absorption. The present paper opens interesting perspectives for the implementation of such an advanced interferometrical setup.

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Quantum states of light produced by a high-gain optical parametric amplifier for use in quantum lithography

G. S. Agarwal, Kam Wai Clifford Chan, Robert W. Boyd +2 more

We present a theoretical analysis of the properties of an unseeded optical parametic amplifier (OPA) used as the source of entangled photons for applications in quantum lithography. We first study the dependence of the excitation rate of a two-photon absorber on the intensity of the light leaving the OPA. We find that the rate depends linearly on intensity only for output beams so weak that they contain fewer than one photon per mode. We also study the use of an N-photon absorber for arbitrary N as the recording medium to be used with such a light source. We find that the contrast of the interference pattern and the sharpness of the fringe maxima tend to increase with increasing values of N, but that the density of fringes and thus the limiting resolution does not increase with N. We conclude that the output of an unseeded OPA exciting an N-photon absorber provides an attractive system in which to perform quantum lithography.

arXiv:quant-ph/0608170•Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jan 26, 2007•22 citations

An experimental study of nonclassical effects in two-photon interferometry

Junlin Liang

•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations
Optical parametric amplification is a process that leads to the generation of quantum states of light. In the limit of low single-pass gain, this process is often referred to as parametric down conversion, and produces entangled two-photon states. Such states have played a key role in recent studies of quantum optical effects such as quantum teleportation. As the gain of the parametric amplification process is increased, the generated light field still possesses strong quantum correlations, but not of the sort associated with two-photon states. Here we present an analysis of the output state of a parametric amplifier as a function of the single-pass gain, and we find certain signatures of quantum light (such as the vanishing of the coincidence rate in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer) disappear in the high-gain limit, whereas others (such as the existence of two-photon interference fringes) remain. Consequently, the intense light field generated by a high-gain parametric amplifier can be utilized in such applications of quantum optics.
Quantum lithography proposes to adopt entangled quantum states in order to increase resolution in interferometry. In the present paper we experimentally demonstrate that the output of a high-gain optical parametric amplifier can be intense yet exhibits quantum features, namely, sub-Rayleigh fringes, as proposed by [Agarwal et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1389 (2001)]. We investigate multiphoton states generated by a high-gain optical parametric amplifier operating with a quantum vacuum input for gain values up to 2.5. The visibility has then been increased by means of three-photon absorption. The present paper opens interesting perspectives for the implementation of such an advanced interferometrical setup.
We present a theoretical analysis of the properties of an unseeded optical parametic amplifier (OPA) used as the source of entangled photons for applications in quantum lithography. We first study the dependence of the excitation rate of a two-photon absorber on the intensity of the light leaving the OPA. We find that the rate depends linearly on intensity only for output beams so weak that they contain fewer than one photon per mode. We also study the use of an N-photon absorber for arbitrary N as the recording medium to be used with such a light source. We find that the contrast of the interference pattern and the sharpness of the fringe maxima tend to increase with increasing values of N, but that the density of fringes and thus the limiting resolution does not increase with N. We conclude that the output of an unseeded OPA exciting an N-photon absorber provides an attractive system in which to perform quantum lithography.