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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Laser-induced infrared fluorescence of ytterbium atoms

K. Bollweg, G. H. Guthöhrlein, Laurentius Windholz

Published Mar 1, 1992• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In carrying out laser-induced fluorescence experiments within a low pressure discharge containing ytterbium atoms we observed a remarkable behavior of the fluorescence phases relative to the laser modulation of a three level subsystem in the ytterbium atomic spectrum. (The detected fluorescence radiation lies in the near infrared region, accessible both to a standard fourier spectrometer and a grating spectrometer). The effect will be discussed and modelled.

DOI
10.1117/12.56443

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In carrying out laser-induced fluorescence experiments within a low pressure discharge containing ytterbium atoms we observed a remarkable behavior of the fluorescence phases relative to the laser modulation of a three level subsystem in the ytterbium atomic spectrum. (The detected fluorescence radiation lies in the near infrared region, accessible both to a standard fourier spectrometer and a grating spectrometer). The effect will be discussed and modelled.
In this experiment Xe atoms are pumped to the excited states with an r.f. discharge and irradiated by the 3.99 µm Xe laser on the 5d[1/2] 0 0 →6p[1/2] 1 transition. Fluorescent light from the 6p[1/2] 1 level is observed to be modulated when the atoms are subjected to a low-frequency rotating field in perpendicular to the static field. The natural lifetime of the 6p[1/2] 1 level is obtained to be 56±3 ns. The 3.50 µm laser on the 5d[7/2] 0 3 →6p[5/2] 2 transition is also used. The light modulation signal of the fluorescence from the 6p[5/2] 2 level as a fuction of the magnetic field is a superposition of resonance curves of two different widths. The narrow component is a manifestation of atomic coherence of the 5d[7/2] 0 3 level which is transferred to the 6p[5/2] 2 level. The natural lifetime of the 5d[7/2] 0 3 level is obtained as 73±9 ns from the study of the 6p[5/2] 2 level.
It is well known that a field's quantum noise can have a profound effect on the fluctuations of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). However, though previous studies have led to a good understanding of this process in the case of stationary fields, many of the important applications of LIF employ some form of laser modulation, yielding a field of nonstationary stochastic character. Here, we discuss the results from numerical experiments that examine the influence of a nonstationary field on the LIF noise. Specifically, we consider a phase-diffusion field and LIF from a beam of alkali-metal-like atoms with ground and excited-state Zeeman splitting when the field undergoes deterministic frequency modulation. Our computational results show that deterministic modulation at high Fourier frequencies (i.e., 10 MHz) can significantly increase the LIF noise at low Fourier frequencies (e.g., 1 Hz), and that the amount of LIF noise amplification depends on a complicated interplay among the laser's linewidth, the modulation frequency, the modulation index, and the multilevel atomic system's energy-level spacing. Interestingly, we find that certain values of the atom's Zeeman splitting significantly decrease the magnitude of LIF noise.
The interaction of polychromatic radiation of a dye laser with a neon gas-discharge plasma in shielded cylindrical tubes at medium gas pressures (1-30 Torr) near atomic spectral absorption lines of NeI atoms with wavelengths 650.6 and 656.2 nm was experimentally studied. Along the direction of propagation of the laser radiation, a shift in the central frequency of absorption is observed in the presence of inhomogeneities in the plasma column. The character of the optical transmission spectrum near narrow resonances was empirically shown to substantially depend on the density of absorbing atoms in a plasma; if this density exceeds 1012 cm-3, the contour of the transmission spectrum near the absorption resonance acquires a dispersive form. The general laws of the formation of nonstationary plasma transmission spectra depending on the laser power, the density of absorbing atoms, the nature of plasma inhomogeneities along the direction of propagation of laser radiation are examined in detail. The role of nonlinear and coherent effects and phase self-modulation during resonant interaction of short pulses of polychromatic laser radiation with gas-discharge plasma in narrow shielded tubes is discussed.
We have measured the variance in fluorescence intensity and the spectrum of those fluctuations for two-level atoms in a phase-diffusing laser field. We compare our results with recent theoretical predictions that have been extended to include the effects of Doppler broadening and spatial variation of the laser intensity. Our study includes the effects of laser power, bandwidth, and shape (Lorentzian and non-Lorentzian) of the laser spectrum. At lower laser intensities, our measured variances versus detuning are in quantitative agreement with the theoretical predictions. At intensities above saturation, the variance is sensitive to inhomogeneities in the distribution of laser intensity in the interaction region, and only qualitative agreement is achieved. Asymmetries in the variance versus detuning resulting from correlated amplitude and phase noise have been observed. Spectra of the phase-noise-induced fluorescence-intensity fluctuations are shown to contain contributions from transients excited by the phase noise and are more sensitive to artifacts in the noise modulation process than the intensity spectrum of the laser field itself.