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International Journal of Stochastic Analysis

Oscillations of a polarizable vacuum

James G. Gilson

Published Dec 1, 1990• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A classical basis for one‐dimensional Schrödinger quantum theory is constructed from simple vacuum polarization harmonic oscillators within standard stochastic theory. The model is constructed on a two‐dimensional phase configuration surface with phase velocity vectors that have a speed of light zitterbewegung behaviour character. The system supplies a natural Hermitian scalar product describing probability density which is derived from angular momentum considerations. The generality of the model which is extensive is discussed.

DOI
10.1155/s1048953391000060

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A classical basis for one‐dimensional Schrödinger quantum theory is constructed from simple vacuum polarization harmonic oscillators within standard stochastic theory. The model is constructed on a two‐dimensional phase configuration surface with phase velocity vectors that have a speed of light zitterbewegung behaviour character. The system supplies a natural Hermitian scalar product describing probability density which is derived from angular momentum considerations. The generality of the model which is extensive is discussed.
A classical basis for one-dimensional SchrSdinger quantum theory is constructed from simple vacuum polarization harmonic oscillators within standard stochastic theory. The model is constructed on a two-dimensional phase configuration surface with phase velocity vectors that have a speed of light zitterbewegung behaviour character. The system supplies a natural Hermitian scalar product describing probability density which is derived from angular momentum considerations. The generality of the model which is extensive is discussed.
A complete solution to the long standing problem of basing Schroedinger quantum theory on standard stochastic theory is given. The solution covers all "single" particle three-dimensional Schroedinger theory linear or nonlinear and with any external potential present. The system is classical, set in a six-dimensional space and involves vacuum polarization as the background process. Basic vacuum polarization energy characterised oscillators are identified and then in assemblies are analysed in terms of energy occurrence frequencies. The orbits of polarization monopoles are given and shown to be elliptical on subspaces surfaces. The basic process takes place at the speed of light and is of a statistical "zitterbewegung" character. The orthodox quantum probability density bilinear quadratic form is derived from angular momentum consideration within the system which is shown to be a generalisation of the usual quantum structure. Two statistical assemblies are identified, a linear one associated with superposition of eigenfunctions and a quadratic one associated with interactions between eigenstates. It is suggested that this two-tier probabilistic system will remove some possible paradoxes that plague the orthodox thoory. The relation of vacuum polarization in this work with its occurrence in other physical contexts and a connection with "spin" is discussed.
We present a simple one-dimensional quantum-mechanical model for a particle attached to a surface. It leads to the Schrödinger equation for a harmonic oscillator bounded on one side that we solve in terms of Weber functions and discuss the behaviour of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. We derive the virial theorem and other exact relationships as well as the asymptotic behaviour of the eigenvalues. We calculate the zero-point energy for model parameters corresponding to H adsorbed on Pd(1 0 0). The model is suitable for an advanced undergraduate or graduate course on quantum mechanics.
The quantum theory of a damped harmonic oscillator is developed by considering an exactly solvable model, previously discussed by Unruh and Zurek [Phys. Rev. D 40, 1071 (1989)]. A one-dimensional harmonic oscillator is coupled to a scalar field. The field is assumed to be initially in thermal equilibrium. The Heisenberg equations of motion are solved without approximation, and the first and second moments, 〈q(t)〉, 〈p(t)〉, 〈q2{\mathit{q}}^{2}q2(t)〉, 〈p2{\mathit{p}}^{2}p2(t)〉, and 〈q(t)p(t)+p(t)q(t)〉 of the coordinate and momentum of the oscillator are calculated. The high-temperature, zero-temperature, free-particle, and weak-damping limits are discussed. A Wigner function of Gaussian form is constructed. The density-matrix equation derived by Louisell $[---Quantum Statistical Properties of Radiation (Wiley, New York, 1973)] is examined and shown to have a solution in agreement with our weak-damping limit.
In this chapter we build up the basic concepts of quantum mechanics using two simple examples, following a heuristic approach which is more inductive than deductive. We start with a familiar phenomenon, that of the polarization of light, which will allow us to introduce the necessary mathematical formalism. We show that the description of polarization leads naturally to the need for a two-dimensional complex vector space, and we establish the correspondence between a polarization state and a vector in this space, referred to as the space of polarization states. We then move on to the quantum description of photon polarization and illustrate the construction of probability amplitudes as scalar products in this space. The second example will be that of spin 1/2, where the space of states is again two-dimensional. We construct the most general states of spin 1/2 using rotational invariance. Finally, we introduce dynamics, which allows us to follow the time evolution of a state vector. The analogy with the polarization of light will serve as a guide to constructing the quantum theory of photon polarization, but no such classical analog is available for constructing the quantum theory for spin 1/2. In this case the quantum theory will be constructed without reference to any classical theory, using an assumption about the dimension of the space of states and symmetry principles. The polarization of light and photon polarization The polarization of an electromagnetic wave The polarization of light or, more generally, of an electromagnetic wave, is a familiar phenomenon related to the vector nature of the electromagnetic field. Let us consider a plane wave of monochromatic light of frequency ω propagating in the positive z direction.
A previously developed novel theory for the formal canonical quantization of classically dissipating systems will be the starting point for a detailed discussion of the quantum statistical aspects of the simple linearly damped harmonic oscillator. The formalism essentially involves complex classical canonical coordinates and momenta, and thus quite naturally leads to the possibility of creation and annihilation operators. Furthermore, the occurrence of quantal noise operators appears to be of principal importance for the conservation of the fundamental commutator in the course of time, as will be expressed in a simple fluctuation-dissipation relation. Making a canonical transformation back to the real, Cartesian Hermitian position and momentum an "effective" Hermitian Hamiltonian will be derived, with which a transformation is made from the Heisenberg frame to the Schr\"odinger frame where the density operator equation will be computed. This will make it obvious that no proper Schr\"odinger equation exists for the dissipative subsystem on its own, thus reflecting an incomplete knowledge. The master equation will then be translated into its Wigner representation. The intimate connection between the diffusion coefficients in the resulting Fokker-Planck equation and the uncertainty relation will be demonstrated in a clear fashion.