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Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics

Identity versus determinism: Émile Meyerson׳s neo-Kantian interpretation of the quantum theory

M. Anthony Mills

Published May 4, 2014• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.shpsb.2014.03.005

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Jacques Solomon (1908-1942) was a theoretical physicist whose career was short and hectic. He was Paul Langevin’s son-in-law and took part with him in the sudden surge of rationalism during the 30s. He was a Marxist activist, interested in dialectical materialism and its application in scientific research. He took part in the debate over the interpretation of quantum mechanics, whose assimilation in France was slow and difficult. He was trained at the Copenhagen school, but was nevertheless an uncompromising materialist who tried to conciliate several schools of thought, in order to give an answer to the difficult problem of indeterminism.
Grete Hermann’s philosophical work on the foundations of quantum mechanics has recently received increased attention and appreciation. This includes her critique of John von Neumann’s “no hidden variables” proof and her neo-Kantian considerations on causality. I argue that Hermann, who was a German mathematician, physicist, and philosopher, took a critical view of Leonard Nelson’s interpretation of Kant. Her aim was to challenge Nelson’s dogmatism through her interpretation of quantum physics. Support for this thesis can be found in her interpretation of Bohr’s complementarity principle and her criticism of Heisenberg’s cut and von Neumann’s proof of the impossibility of hidden variables. Over the years, Hermann progressively distanced herself from Nelson, adopting a more liberal and democratic interpretation of Kant, and became a committed advocate of research ethics and responsibility in science and politics.