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Physical Review A

Spontaneous emission in a cavity driven by a strong bichromatic field

M. Elk, P. Lambropoulos

Published Aug 1, 1994• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a theoretical treatment of the problem of a Rydberg atom near-resonantly coupled to a mode in a microwave cavity. We analyze the properties of cavity-induced spontaneous emission in the case of the cavity being driven by one or two near-resonant microwave fields. We find that the spontaneous emission of the atom can be turned off by one strong field (dynamical suppression) and that the addition of a second strong field can break this dynamical suppression and allow the atom to fluoresce in the presence of both fields. The analysis is cast both in a full master-equation treatment and in a Floquet treatment of an atom driven bichromatically in vacuum, the latter allowing for an interpretation of the full calculation. The calculations are performed in the intermediately strong coupling limit, in which both atomic and cavity dynamics must be considered.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.50.1490

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We present a theoretical treatment of the problem of a Rydberg atom near-resonantly coupled to a mode in a microwave cavity. We analyze the properties of cavity-induced spontaneous emission in the case of the cavity being driven by one or two near-resonant microwave fields. We find that the spontaneous emission of the atom can be turned off by one strong field (dynamical suppression) and that the addition of a second strong field can break this dynamical suppression and allow the atom to fluoresce in the presence of both fields. The analysis is cast both in a full master-equation treatment and in a Floquet treatment of an atom driven bichromatically in vacuum, the latter allowing for an interpretation of the full calculation. The calculations are performed in the intermediately strong coupling limit, in which both atomic and cavity dynamics must be considered.
The decay characteristics of two-state Rydberg atoms are investigated in a microwave cavity driven simultaneously by two strong rf fields. Tuning one of the driving fields leads to sharp resonances in the decay rate of the upper atomic level. Their width may become smaller than the cavity linewidth and transit time broadening. We present a theoretical model, interpreting the resonances as cavity-induced decay of Floquet states of the composite atom-field system. The observed phenomena arise from the interplay of cavity-modified Bloch-Siegert shifts and dynamic enhancement of spontaneous emission at single-photon and multiphoton resonances.
We examine theoretically the recent experiments of Lange and Walther on the dynamical interaction of Rydberg atoms in a microwave cavity in the presence of a strong driving field. In particular, we study how the intense field renormalizes the cavity-induced spontaneous emission. For this purpose we derive the master equation for the atomic dynamics by adiabatically eliminating the cavity-field variables, while treating the intense driving field nonperturbatively. We present analytical and numerical solutions of the master equation, taking into account the turn on and turn off of the atom-field coupling in the rest frame of the atoms, as well as the velocity distribution of the atomic beam. We obtain good agreement between theoretical results and experiments.
We report a Rydberg-atom experiment, demonstrating the dynamic suppression of spontaneous emission in a resonant microwave cavity driven by a resonant external field. If the Rabi frequency of the injected field is larger than the atomic and cavity line widths, the atoms almost completely decouple from the cavity mode due to suppressed field fluctuations at the sideband frequencies of the Mollow triplet. This was achieved with about 100 microwave photons in the cavity. The reduced decay rate is a consequence of non-Markovian dynamics induced by the finite cavity-response time.
We investigated the dynamically modified interaction between Rydberg atoms and a single mode of a microwave cavity driven by a strong external field.With a monochromatic injected field we observed dynamic suppression of spontaneous emission, when the intracavity Rabi frequency exceeds the cavity linewidth.We discuss a theoretical model using non-Markovian decay rates, which is in excellent agreement with experiment.When a bichromatic driving field is used, enhanced decay reappears in narrow resonance zones as the detunings and injected intensities are varied.These results are interpreted in terms of cavity-modified transitions between the Floquet states of a two-level atom.Striking aspects of these transitions are their small linewidth and an asymmetry between emission and absorption.
A theoretical study of the dynamics of Rydberg atoms in a microwave cavity driven by a strong bichromatic field is presented. The resonator is assumed to operate in the low-Q regime. As a consequence, photons emitted by the atoms are dissipated in the cavity walls during the interaction time of the atoms inside the resonator. In this situation the cavity field follows the atomic dynamics adiabatically. The transient behavior of the system is analyzed in terms of Floquet states, and cavity-induced transition rates between these states are calculated for a large range of parameters of the bichromatic field. Narrow resonances are found in the transition rates, in agreement with recent experimental investigations of cavity Rydberg atoms subjected to strong bichromatic driving. We explain in detail the structure of the resonances, which is determined by the frequency-dependent cavity-mode density as well as the Rabi frequencies of the applied fields. The intensity-dependent shifts of the resonance frequencies are also calculated and found to be largely insensitive to inhomogeneous broadening. Finally, the numerical results are compared with experimental observations.
The interaction between V-type atoms and a single mode of a microwave cavity is studied in the presence of a strong field driving the second transition of the atoms. With a monochromatic injected field, the ground and excited state populations are calculated analytically, and the dynamic suppression and enhancement of spontaneous emission into the cavity mode are demonstrated, which depend on the atom-driving field detuning and intracavity Rabi frequency, the latter being larger than the cavity damping rate. It is shown that the Autler-Townes doublet can be measured by monitoring the occupation of ground and excited states as a function of atom-cavity field detuning.