Physical Review Letters

Frequency Dependence of Microwave Phonon-Photon Double-Quantum Transitions

Paul Henry Carr, Alan J. Budreau

Published Sep 30, 1968• 2 citations

Abstract

The frequency dependence of phonon-photon double-quantum transitions in MgO:${\mathrm{Fe}}^{+2}$ was investigated by using 8.7-GHz photons to detect 9.3-, 4.7-, and 3.1-GHz phonons. The transition probability for simultaneous absorption of both a phonon and a photon markedly decreased with decreasing phonon frequency. In the case of 4.7- and 3.1-GHz phonons, a new type of phonon-photon transition was observed.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.21.976

Related papers

Detection of Microwave Ultrasonics by Phonon-Photon Double Quantum Transitions

N. S. Shiren

Jan 1, 19610 citations

Multiple-microwave-photon transition of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Jun Zhang, Haonan Chang, Feilong Song +5 more

Mar 18, 20250 citations

Phonon-Photon Double-Quantum Transitions as a Detector of Microwave Ultrasonics

N. S. Shiren

Physical Review LettersFeb 15, 196136 citations

Two-frequency excitation of hydrogen atoms

P. Stehle

Physical Review ANov 1, 19824 citations

Nonlinear multi-photon Absorption of Strong electromagnetic wave with electron-acoustic phonon scattering in infinite semi-parabolic Plus semi- inverse Squared Quantum Wells

Nguyễn Thu Hương, Dung Bui Thi, Nguyen Cong Huy +2 more

Communications in PhysicsMay 29, 20250 citations

Approaching microwave photon sensitivity with Al Josephson junctions

A. L. Pankratov, Anna V. Gordeeva, L. S. Revin +3 more

Here, we experimentally test the applicability of an aluminium Josephson junction of a few micrometers size as a single photon counter in the microwave frequency range. We have measured the switching from the superconducting to the resistive state through the absorption of 10 GHz photons. The dependence of the switching probability on the signal power suggests that the switching is initiated by the simultaneous absorption of three and more photons, with a dark count time above 0.01 s.

Beilstein Journal of NanotechnologyJul 4, 202221 citations

Physical Review Letters

Frequency Dependence of Microwave Phonon-Photon Double-Quantum Transitions

Paul Henry Carr, Alan J. Budreau

Published Sep 30, 1968• 2 citations

Publisher

Abstract

The frequency dependence of phonon-photon double-quantum transitions in MgO:

{\mathrm{Fe}}^{+2}

was investigated by using 8.7-GHz photons to detect 9.3-, 4.7-, and 3.1-GHz phonons. The transition probability for simultaneous absorption of both a phonon and a photon markedly decreased with decreasing phonon frequency. In the case of 4.7- and 3.1-GHz phonons, a new type of phonon-photon transition was observed.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.21.976

Related papers

Detection of Microwave Ultrasonics by Phonon-Photon Double Quantum Transitions

N. S. Shiren

Jan 1, 19610 citations

Multiple-microwave-photon transition of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Jun Zhang, Haonan Chang, Feilong Song +5 more

Abstract Multiple-microwave-photon transition is a nonlinear process involving the simultaneous absorption of multiple microwave photons to reach a higher energy state. This phenomenon enables microwave frequency conversion, a crucial technique for spin-wave devices, frequency synthesizers and communication devices. However, it has not been observed in nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds, which serve as a key quantum platform linking flying qubits, microwave photons, and solid-state spins. In this work, we first observed multiple-microwave-photon transitions in NV centers in diamonds, using optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) methods with a single laser and microwave beam. We demonstrate that microwave frequencies, effective g-factor, and angular momentum exhibit a 1/n scaling law, but the linewidth exhibits a 1/n^2 scaling law for n-photon transitions between the ground states. Additionally, we detect the hyperfine structure of the ground states and achieve coherent spin manipulation under multi-photon excitation. Our findings offer a novel approach for the precise manipulation of NV center spin states, advancing quantum sensing and quantum information.Abstract Multiple-microwave-photon transition is a nonlinear process involving the simultaneous absorption of multiple microwave photons to reach a higher energy state. This phenomenon enables microwave frequency conversion, a crucial technique for spin-wave devices, frequency synthesizers and communication devices. However, it has not been observed in nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds, which serve as a key quantum platform linking flying qubits, microwave photons, and solid-state spins. In this work, we first observed multiple-microwave-photon transitions in NV centers in diamonds, using optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) methods with a single laser and microwave beam. We demonstrate that microwave frequencies, effective g-factor, and angular momentum exhibit a 1/n scaling law, but the linewidth exhibits a 1/n^2 scaling law for n-photon transitions between the ground states. Additionally, we detect the hyperfine structure of the ground states and achieve coherent spin manipulation under multi-photon excitation. Our findings offer a novel approach for the precise manipulation of NV center spin states, advancing quantum sensing and quantum information.

Mar 18, 20250 citations

Phonon-Photon Double-Quantum Transitions as a Detector of Microwave Ultrasonics

N. S. Shiren

Physical Review LettersFeb 15, 196136 citations

Two-frequency excitation of hydrogen atoms

P. Stehle

When a hydrogen atom in a state with principal quantum number ${n}_{i}$ is irradiated simultaneously with light of frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{L}$, nearly that required to produce a transition to a higher state with principal quantum number ${n}_{f}$ and with microwave radiation of frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$, the transition is very probable when the resonance condition ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{L}+k\ensuremath{\omega}={E}_{f}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{i}$ is satisfied, the emission or absorption of the net number $k$ of microwave photons just compensating for the detuning of the light from the resonance. This process is analyzed with the use of a forward scattering method and the results are used to discuss the experiments of Bayfield et al. on the excitation of hydrogen.When a hydrogen atom in a state with principal quantum number ${n}_{i}$ is irradiated simultaneously with light of frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{L}$, nearly that required to produce a transition to a higher state with principal quantum number ${n}_{f}$ and with microwave radiation of frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$, the transition is very probable when the resonance condition ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{L}+k\ensuremath{\omega}={E}_{f}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{i}$ is satisfied, the emission or absorption of the net number $k$ of microwave photons just compensating for the detuning of the light from the resonance. This process is analyzed with the use of a forward scattering method and the results are used to discuss the experiments of Bayfield et al. on the excitation of hydrogen.

Physical Review ANov 1, 19824 citations

Nonlinear multi-photon Absorption of Strong electromagnetic wave with electron-acoustic phonon scattering in infinite semi-parabolic Plus semi- inverse Squared Quantum Wells

Nguyễn Thu Hương, Dung Bui Thi, Nguyen Cong Huy +2 more

Theoretical study on the nonlinear absorption of a strong electromagnetic waves in infinite semi-parabolic plus semi-inverse Squared Quantum Wells (ISPPSISQW) by using quantum kinetic equations for electron in the case of electron-acoustic phonon scattering. Analytical expressions for the nonlinear multi-photon absorption coefficient in the ISPPSISQW are obtained for a specific GaAs/GaAsAl in the case off the absence and the case of the presence of an external magnetic field B. A second- order multi-photon process is included in the result. The dependence of the nonlinear multi-photon absorption coefficient on the intensity $(E_0)$ and the frequency $(\Omega)$ of a strong electromagnetic wave, confinement frequency of ISPPSISQW $(\Omega)$ and the temperature investigated. The numerical computations for a specific ISPPSISQW GaAs/GaAsAl show that the nonlinear multi-photon absorption coefficient decreases rapidly with increasing $\omega_z$ or $\Omega$ and the nonlinear multi-photon absorption coefficient increases rapidly $E_0$ or T. In the case of the presence of an external magnetic field B, numerical calculations indicate the occurrence of magneto-photon-phonon resonances when the resonance conditions are met. As the photon energy changes, the resonance peaks tend to increase with the increase in photon energy.Theoretical study on the nonlinear absorption of a strong electromagnetic waves in infinite semi-parabolic plus semi-inverse Squared Quantum Wells (ISPPSISQW) by using quantum kinetic equations for electron in the case of electron-acoustic phonon scattering. Analytical expressions for the nonlinear multi-photon absorption coefficient in the ISPPSISQW are obtained for a specific GaAs/GaAsAl in the case off the absence and the case of the presence of an external magnetic field B. A second- order multi-photon process is included in the result. The dependence of the nonlinear multi-photon absorption coefficient on the intensity $(E_0)$ and the frequency $(\Omega)$ of a strong electromagnetic wave, confinement frequency of ISPPSISQW $(\Omega)$ and the temperature investigated. The numerical computations for a specific ISPPSISQW GaAs/GaAsAl show that the nonlinear multi-photon absorption coefficient decreases rapidly with increasing $\omega_z$ or $\Omega$ and the nonlinear multi-photon absorption coefficient increases rapidly $E_0$ or T. In the case of the presence of an external magnetic field B, numerical calculations indicate the occurrence of magneto-photon-phonon resonances when the resonance conditions are met. As the photon energy changes, the resonance peaks tend to increase with the increase in photon energy.

Communications in PhysicsMay 29, 20250 citations

Approaching microwave photon sensitivity with Al Josephson junctions

A. L. Pankratov, Anna V. Gordeeva, L. S. Revin +3 more

Beilstein Journal of NanotechnologyJul 4, 202221 citations

The frequency dependence of phonon-photon double-quantum transitions in MgO:

{\mathrm{Fe}}^{+2}

When a hydrogen atom in a state with principal quantum number

{n}_{i}

is irradiated simultaneously with light of frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{L}$, nearly that required to produce a transition to a higher state with principal quantum number

{n}_{f}

and with microwave radiation of frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$, the transition is very probable when the resonance condition ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{L}+k\ensuremath{\omega}={E}_{f}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{i}$ is satisfied, the emission or absorption of the net number

k

of microwave photons just compensating for the detuning of the light from the resonance. This process is analyzed with the use of a forward scattering method and the results are used to discuss the experiments of Bayfield et al. on the excitation of hydrogen.

(E_0)

and the frequency

(\Omega)

of a strong electromagnetic wave, confinement frequency of ISPPSISQW

(\Omega)

and the temperature investigated. The numerical computations for a specific ISPPSISQW GaAs/GaAsAl show that the nonlinear multi-photon absorption coefficient decreases rapidly with increasing

\omega_z

\Omega

and the nonlinear multi-photon absorption coefficient increases rapidly

E_0

or T. In the case of the presence of an external magnetic field B, numerical calculations indicate the occurrence of magneto-photon-phonon resonances when the resonance conditions are met. As the photon energy changes, the resonance peaks tend to increase with the increase in photon energy.