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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Photon Extrabunching in Twin Beams Beams in the Femtosecond Range Measured by Two-Photon Counting in a Semiconductor

Fabien Boitier, Antoine Godard, N. Dubreuil, Philippe Delaye, Claude Fabre, E. Rosencher

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Correlations of twin beams generated by parametric down-conversion are quantitatively determined by two-photon counting interferometery. Compared with incoherent light, photon extrabunching at the fs scale is unambiguously and precisely measured.
DOI
10.1364/qels.2012.qf3g.1

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For many years twin beams originating from parametric down-converted light beams have aroused great interest and attention in the photonics community. One particular aspect of the twin beams is their peculiar intensity correlation functions, which are related to the coincidence rate of photon pairs. Here we take advantage of the huge bandwidth offered by two-photon absorption in a semiconductor to quantitatively determine correlation functions of twin beams generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Compared with classical incoherent sources, photon extrabunching is unambiguously and precisely measured, originating from exact coincidence between down-converted pairs of photons, travelling in unison. These results strongly establish that two-photon counting in semiconductors is a powerful tool for the absolute measurement of light beam photon correlations at ultrashort timescales. The second order correlation functiong(2) is used to test quantum correlation properties of light. Here, two-photon counting is used to measure g(2)and an extrabunching effect is demonstrated, providing evidence that two-photon counting is an appropriate method for measuring light beam photon correlations.
Two-photon-counting interferometry has been realized by measuring the electrical current due to two-photon absorption in the space-charge layer of a semiconductor detector located at the output port of an interferometer. We apply this technique to study the correlation properties of twin beams issued from parametric fluorescence. We describe in detail how the different second-order correlation functions (interbeam, intrabeam) can be extracted at the femtosecond time scale from raw data. The values of these correlation functions determined by our experiments are in excellent agreement with theory. More precisely, extrabunching in twin beams is unambiguously demonstrated and theoretically described using two models: a comprehensive multimode quantum optics model and a simpler classical stochastic approach. Given the high brightness of our twin-beam source, both theories yield similar results. Finally, convenient analytical expressions of the correlation functions were derived from both theories, expressions in which we have been able to relate specific terms to accidental and exact coincidences between photons. Two-photon interferometry thus determines to which extent twin photons are twin. This technique should become a useful tool for future quantum optics developments.
It has been known for some time that correlated detection of pairs of photons generated by parametric down-conversion can eliminate several sources of error that occur in single-beam measurements. In the correlated photon measurements, the down-converted photons are separated into two beams with one photon of a pair in each beam. The absolute detection efficiency of a detector in one beam can be determined from the count rate of a detector in the other beam and the coincidence rate for the two detectors. These ideas can be used to measure the optical absorbance of a sample placed in front of one of the detectors. Errors due to stray light and dark counts are substantially reduced and fluctuations in pump intensity largely eliminated.