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Optics Communications

Effects of quantum interference on coherent population trapping states of a four-level atom interacting with coherent fields

Fuli Li, Shi-Yao Zhu

Published Apr 1, 1999• 16 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s0030-4018(99)00022-x

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Two essentially different mechanisms are known for inversionless amplification. The first is based on coherent population trapping, while the second is connected with the existence of quantum interference effects among dressed states of the coupled atom-field system. Previous investigations of four-level atoms with Raman pumping have emphasized the existence of noninversion lasing by way of the first mechanisms and have interpreted the gain as a result of a population inversion between dressed states. In this case the quantum interference generally hinders the amplification process. By extending this analysis to a broader range of parameters we find that the second mechanism can also become effective. The purpose of this presentation is to show that four-level atoms with a Raman pump can generally support both amplification mechanisms and to define the conditions under which either process may dominate.

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1992•0 citations
A large number of novel semiclassical and quantum optical effects and phenomena (e.g., coherent population trapping, electromagnetically induced transparency, spontaneous emission inhibition and lasing without population inversion) caused by atomic multi-level phase coherence can be found in three- and four-level atomic vapor media. Such phase coherence includes destructive and constructive quantum interference among various pathways of transition in the atomic systems. Since a simple RLC electric circuit can be used to simulate some resonant responses of a two-level atomic system (or two-state resonant systems), we will consider an analog of interference effect (phase coherence) in an electric circuit containing three RLC meshes for mimicking three- and four-level atomic systems. If certain magnitudes of capacitance and inductance parameters are chosen (or the capacitance and inductance are tuned), the destructive and constructive interference among currents in the circuit can be switched to each other. Thus, the analog of nearly all the quantum coherent effects relevant to a multi-level atomic system that interacts with optical fields can in principle be realized in the present multi-mesh RLC circuit.
We report here an effect in a four-level ladderlike system, which is in contrast to the usual quantum interference effects such as electromagnetically induced transperency (EIT) or coherent population trapping: we predict the occurrence of a narrow absorption peak within the EIT window when an EIT atomic system interacts with an additional driving rf field. The Doppler-free-central absorption appears when the three-photon resonance condition is satisfied. In the limit of the rf field strength ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{\mathrm{rf}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0, the usual EIT profile is recovered.
Two essentially different mechanisms are known for inversionless amplification. The first is based on coherent population trapping, while the second is connected with the existence of quantum interference effects among dressed states of the coupled atom-field system. Previous investigations of four-level atoms with Raman pumping have emphasized the existence of noninversion lasing by way of the first mechanisms and have interpreted the gain as a result of a population inversion between dressed states. In this case the quantum interference generally hinders the amplification process. By extending this analysis to a broader range of parameters we find that the second mechanism can also become effective. The purpose of this presentation is to show that four-level atoms with a Raman pump can generally support both amplification mechanisms and to define the conditions under which either process may dominate.