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Physical Review A

Two-photon resonant four-wave mixing in a dressed atomic system: Polarization interference in a Doppler-broadened system

Zhanchun Zuo, Sun Jiang, Xia Liu, Ling-An Wu, Panming Fu

Published Feb 2, 2007• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study dressed-atom two-photon resonant nondegenerate four-wave mixing (NFWM) in a Doppler-broadened system. It is found that there exists interference between the macroscopic field polarizations from different ensembles of atoms within the atomic velocity distribution. This polarization interference can cause significant modification of the NFWM spectra. We also show that two-photon resonant NFWM in dressed atoms can be employed as a new type of Doppler-free high-resolution Autler-Townes spectroscopy for measuring transition dipole moments between two highly excited atomic states.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.75.023805

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We study dressed-atom two-photon resonant nondegenerate four-wave mixing (NFWM) in a Doppler-broadened system. It is found that there exists interference between the macroscopic field polarizations from different ensembles of atoms within the atomic velocity distribution. This polarization interference can cause significant modification of the NFWM spectra. We also show that two-photon resonant NFWM in dressed atoms can be employed as a new type of Doppler-free high-resolution Autler-Townes spectroscopy for measuring transition dipole moments between two highly excited atomic states.
We study two-photon resonant nondegenerate four-wave mixing (NFWM) in a dressed cascade four-level system. In the presence of a strong coupling field, the two-photon resonant NFWM spectrum exhibits Autler-Townes splitting, accompanied by either suppression or enhancement of the NFWM signal. Such phenomena are demonstrated in Ba through inducing of atomic coherence between the ground state 6s26{s}^{2}6s2 and the doubly excited autoionizing Rydberg state 6pnd6pnd6pnd. This technique provides a spectroscopic tool for measuring not only the resonant frequency and dephasing rate but also the transition dipole moment between two highly excited atomic states.
We study the quantum interference in two-photon resonant nondegenerate four-wave mixing (NFWM) in a dressed cascade four-level system in which the two upper levels are coupled by a strong laser field. We find that in the presence of a strong coupling field, two-photon resonant NFWM spectrum exhibits Autler-Townes splitting, which reflects the levels of the dressed states. It also leads to either suppression or enhancement of the NFWM signal. This scheme involves the resonant three-photon excitation, therefore, provides a new spectroscopic tool for studying highly excited atomic states with high sensitivity.
In nonlinear atomic gaseous media the interference between independent macroscopic polarizations of different ensembles within the atomic velocity distribution can lead to anomalous behavior of the multiwave mixing spectra. For phase-conjugate six-wave mixing (SWM) in a Doppler-broadened N-type four-level system, it is found that the SWM spectrum can be either Doppler-free or very broad, depending on the directions of the incident beams and the ratios between the magnitudes of the wave vectors. This polarization interference can be controlled by the strong coupling field which, on the other hand, can induce Autler-Townes (AT) splitting when the SWM spectrum is Doppler-free. This technique may find special applications as an improved form of AT spectroscopy with higher resolution.
The effects of Doppler broadening on Autler-Townes (AT) splitting in six-wave mixing (SWM) are investigated by the dressed-state model. We analyze the velocities at which the atoms are in resonance with the dressed states through Doppler frequency shifting and find that, depending on the wave-number ratio, there may be two resonant velocities which can originate from resonance with one of the dressed states or from resonance with two different dressed states. Based on this model, we discuss a novel type of AT doublet in the SWM spectrum, where macroscopic effects play an important role. Specifically, the existence of resonant peaks requires polarization interference between atoms of different velocities in addition to a change in the number of resonant atoms involved. Our model can also be employed to analyze electromagnetically induced transparency resonance and other types of Doppler-free high-resolution AT spectroscopy.
We study six-wave mixing (SWM) spectroscopy based on electromagnetically induced transparency in a Doppler-broadened cascade four-level system. It is found that the SWM spectra are extremely sensitive to the configuration of the incident beams, where the linewidth can be either Doppler-free or very broad, due to the polarization interference of atoms of different velocities. This polarization interference can be controlled in the presence of a strong coupling field. Moreover, SWM can be employed as a new type of Doppler-free Autler–Townes (AT) spectroscopy, which has better spectral resolution than conventional AT spectroscopy. Finally, we also reveal the intrinsic connection between frequency-domain SWM spectroscopy and time-domain photon echoes through studying the time-domain correspondence of SWM.