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The Journal of Chemical Physics

Phosphorescence and Stimulated Emission in Organic Molecules

D.J. Morantz, B. G. White, A. J. C. Wright

Published Nov 1, 1962• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Stimulated emission of light has been demonstrated using aromatic organic molecules in a rigid glass matrix, e.g., acetophenone, benzaldehyde, benzophenone, α-bromonaphthalene, and pyrazine. This system is compared with the inorganic crystalline light masers. The experimental technique is described. Characteristic properties of the emitted light are given in detail and discussed. The conditions for achieving the stimulated emission threshold are described. The possibility of orienting molecules in a maser cell is proposed.

DOI
10.1063/1.1733424

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Stimulated emission of light has been demonstrated using aromatic organic molecules in a rigid glass matrix, e.g., acetophenone, benzaldehyde, benzophenone, α-bromonaphthalene, and pyrazine. This system is compared with the inorganic crystalline light masers. The experimental technique is described. Characteristic properties of the emitted light are given in detail and discussed. The conditions for achieving the stimulated emission threshold are described. The possibility of orienting molecules in a maser cell is proposed.
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Single organic molecules make excellent single photon sources, emitting photons with high efficiency and at favourable wavelengths for coupling to other quantum systems, including alkali atoms. I will discuss techniques to create organic crystals containing single photon emitting molecules, and our recent results applying strain to these crystals to tune their emission wavelength. I will show that subsequent photons emitted by a single molecule can undergo quantum interference at a beam splitter, a vital tool in optical quantum computing and communication, and will discuss how discuss how to assess photon indistinguishability using both continuous and pulsed lasers. While molecular excitation and radiative emission is efficient, generated photons can be difficult to collect without the use of photonic structures. I will discuss our recent efforts in coupling single molecules to waveguides and nanophotonic cavities.
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Radiative transitions When a system changes its energy as the result of the emission or the absorption of a photon, it is said to undergo radiative transition. There are three kinds of radiative transition. In the presence of an electromagnetic field the system can absorb a photon, so that its energy is raised to a higher level. If the system is initially in a state other than the ground state, it can emit a photon and so shed energy. This can happen without the presence of any external electromagnetic field, in which case a spontaneous emission is said to occur. On the other hand, if the excited system is placed in an electromagnetic field that varies in time with the appropriate frequency, the probability that it will emit a photon can be greatly enhanced. In this case the emission process is known as stimulated emission . Stimulated emission is the basis of maser and laser action, which we describe in this chapter. First, we construct a simple model that allows us to investigate how the internal structure of a quantum system changes as the result of a radiative transition. Although the model is very simple, it will allow us to understand the main features of the proper, more exact treatment. We shall deal mainly with absorption and stimulated emission, the two types of radiative transition where there is an external electromagnetic field.