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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Narrow-band photon pairs generated from spontaneous parametric down conversion in a Bragg-grating enhanced waveguide

Yan Li, Lijun Ma, Xiao Hong Tang

Published Jul 29, 2010• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a new method to narrow the linewidth of photon pairs generated from spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC). The single structure device incorporates an internal Bragg grating onto a nonlinear optical waveguide. We study theoretically the spectral characteristics of SPDC under two Bragg grating structures. We show that using the Bragg grating with a midway π- phase shifter is a promising way to implement narrow-line (~GHz to sub-GHz) entangled photon sources.

DOI
10.1117/12.859269

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We propose a new method to narrow the linewidth of photon pairs generated from spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC). The single structure device incorporates an internal Bragg grating onto a nonlinear optical waveguide. We study theoretically the spectral characteristics of SPDC under two Bragg grating structures. We show that using the Bragg grating with a midway π- phase shifter is a promising way to implement narrow-line (~GHz to sub-GHz) entangled photon sources.
Spectral correlations between photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) in bulk non-linear optical crystals remain a hindrance to the implementation of efficient quantum communication architectures. It has been demonstrated that SPDC within a distributed micro-cavity can result in little or no correlation between photon pairs. We present results on modeling three different cavity configurations based on integrated Bragg gratings. Output from the SPDC process can be tailored by altering the periodicity and geometry of such nanostructures. We will discuss the merits of each cavity configuration from the standpoint of degenerate type-II SPDC.
Cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) can be used to implement heralded single-photon sources with narrow bandwidth down to tens of megahertz, thus compatible with atom-based quantum memories. In this work, we propose and study the cavities that are either singly resonant at the frequency of only one of the generated photons or doubly resonant at the frequency of one generated photon and for the pump field. We derive analytical expressions for the generation rate and the spectral brightness as a function of the main structure parameters. Our analysis shows that by exploiting counterpropagating SPDC inside a cavity with properly designed distributed Bragg reflectors, pure narrow-band heralded single photons can be generated. In particular, when a pulsed pump illuminates a 1-mm-long singly resonant cavity, the bandwidth of the resonant and the nonresonant photons will be 120 MHz and 5.7 GHz, respectively, with heralded single-photon purity as high as 0.993. Due to its small absorption probability inside the cavity, the heralding efficiency can approach unity if the nonresonant partner is used as a heralded single photon. Finally, we also show that continuous-wave excitation of a 1-cm-long cavity resonant for the pump and copropagating fields can provide photon pairs in a narrow bandwidth of 10 MHz with spectral brightness as high as $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $({\text{s}\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\text{mW}\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\text{MHz})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. This source can efficiently couple with quantum memories and can find applications in quantum information processing and communication.
AlGaAs Bragg reflection waveguides are promising systems for the generation of single and entangled photons through the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) [1]. We use a type II SPDC process where the downconverted photons are orthogonally polarized. The produced photons are inherently polarization-entangled eliminating the need for any additional entanglement setup. The material AlGaAs is our preferred choice as a nonlinear medium because it features a high nonlinear coefficient allowing for room temperature operation and has the advantage of being a non-birefringent material. Further, the material platform allows for the direct integration of a pump laser into the same chip.
Entangled photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) are the cornerstone of many quantum optical applications. Nonlinear metasurfaces have recently been introduced as a new class of compact SPDC sources [1], and the next step is to enable active tunability of their resulting quantum state. Here, we demonstrate the generation of narrow-band yet frequency tunable, spectrally entangled photon pairs from a nonlinear metasurface. For this, we use guided-mode resonances (GMR) with high angular dispersion. In previous works that use Mie- or BIC-type resonances, for a fixed pump wavelength, the demonstrated SPDC spectrum remained fixed by the respective resonance wavelength [1], [2]. Here, we theoretically and experimentally show that in a metasurface supporting GMRs, the non-degeneracy of the generated photon pairs can be tuned by tilting the metasurface while the pump wavelength can remain constant, see the conceptual rendering in Fig. 1(a).