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arXiv:0912.4286 · Optics Express

Bragg-grating-enhanced narrowband spontaneous parametric downconversion

Li Yan, Lijun Ma, Xiao Tang

Published Mar 10, 2010• 8 citations
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Abstract

We propose a new method to narrow the line width of entangled photons generated from spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC). The single structure device incorporates an internal Bragg grating onto a nonlinear optical waveguide. We study theoretically the spectral characteristics of SPDC under two Bragg grating structures. We show that using the Bragg grating with a midway pi-phase shifter, it is a promising way to generate narrow-line (~GHz to sub-GHz) entangled photons.

DOI
10.1364/oe.18.005957

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We propose a new method to narrow the line width of entangled photons generated from spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC). The single structure device incorporates an internal Bragg grating onto a nonlinear optical waveguide. We study theoretically the spectral characteristics of SPDC under two Bragg grating structures. We show that using the Bragg grating with a midway pi-phase shifter, it is a promising way to generate narrow-line (~GHz to sub-GHz) entangled photons.
In this paper, we present Bragg reflection waveguides as a novel universal platform for reaching the phasematching of spontaneous parametric downconversion process in semiconductor materials. We have designed two different waveguide structures. The first one is based on AlGaN and it is able to produce spectrally uncorrelated photon pairs. The second one is based on AlGaAs and it allows us to generate entangled photon pairs with ultra-broad spectra. Spontaneous-parametric-downconversion and second-harmonic-generation experiments are presented.
We explore the potential of versatile and efficient entangled photon pair generation by spontaneous parametric downconversion in Bragg reflection waveguides. By employing a quantum treatment of modes in channel waveguides, and by accounting for group velocity dispersion in the modes, the quantum state of the generated biphotons is realistically calculated. The pair production rate is predicted to reach 4×108 pairs/s/nm/mW of pump light in a 2 mm-long structure, on par with or exceeding the performance of previously reported designs. This is attributable to an enhanced nonlinear interaction through tight mode confinement in the waveguide. Strategies for device performance optimization and phase matching wavelength tunability are outlined and numerically demonstrated. The proposed design platform is versatile and allows photon pair generation with controllable flux, bandwidth, Schmidt number, and degree of polarization entanglement. The possibility of monolithic integration with a diode laser pump offers a way to design an electrically pumped entangled photon source.
AlGaAs Bragg reflection waveguides are promising systems for the generation of single and entangled photons through the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) [1]. We use a type II SPDC process where the downconverted photons are orthogonally polarized. The produced photons are inherently polarization-entangled eliminating the need for any additional entanglement setup. The material AlGaAs is our preferred choice as a nonlinear medium because it features a high nonlinear coefficient allowing for room temperature operation and has the advantage of being a non-birefringent material. Further, the material platform allows for the direct integration of a pump laser into the same chip.