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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

Phase-Switched All-Optical Flip-Flops Using Two-Input Bistable Resonators

Brian A. Daniel, Govind Prasad Agrawal

Published Dec 29, 2011• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that switching between the two stable states of an optical flip-flop, made using a two-input Kerr resonator, can be realized through pure phase modulation. The proposed switching mechanism is compatible with cross-phase modulation induced by set and reset pulses for realization of an ultrafast, passive, all-optical memory element.

DOI
10.1109/lpt.2011.2181832

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We show that switching between the two stable states of an optical flip-flop, made using a two-input Kerr resonator, can be realized through pure phase modulation. The proposed switching mechanism is compatible with cross-phase modulation induced by set and reset pulses for realization of an ultrafast, passive, all-optical memory element.
An all-optical flip-flop, the memory of which is based on dispersive bistability in a single vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifier, is demonstrated experimentally. Flip-flop control is achieved using two mechanisms: cross-phase modulation to set the flip-flop and cross-gain modulation of the holding beam within a remote SOA to reset it. Optical control signals are sub-milliwatt in power and derived from a single 5 ns, 1539 nm initial pulse. Flip-flop operation at 1542 nm is polarisation insensitive to control signals and achieved with an on-off contrast greater than 3 dB.
We have proposed a scheme for all-optical switching and flip-flop based on controllable optical bistability in a simple three-level V-type atomic system assisted by an incoherent pump field. Due to the auxiliary incoherent pump, the atomic population is redistributed in the three levels, and then the absorption-dispersion property and the Kerr nonlinearity of the medium are different from those of the conventional V-type electromagnetically induced transparency system. The results show that both the thresholds and the area (or shape) of the hysteresis loop can be controlled efficiently via the adjustment of either the incoherent pump field or the coupling field. As a result, with a constant cavity input, the output of the optical cavity can be switched between the low- and high-power states of different bistable curves by tuning the optical fields. Based on this effect, we realize all-optical steady-state switching and set-reset flip-flop operation by adding a pulse sequence (positive pulse or set-reset pulse) onto either the incoherent pump field or the coupling field. Such a simple and effective technique of optical switching and flip-flop can find application in all-optical signal processing systems.
We show that the reset operation, switching from an upper stable state to a lower one in optical bistable devices, is achieved by means of a positive optical pulse through undershoot-switching, in contrast with conventional downward switching by means of optical pulses negative relative to an optical bias level. Flip-flop and set-reset operations are demonstrated by using only positive optical pulses in an electrooptic bistable device, in which similar operations can also be achieved by applying electric pulses on a biased optical input.
We theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated an injection-locking based all-optical flip-flop memory using a simple and compact tunable V-cavity laser (VCL). A bistable region in the tuning characteristics of the VCL is employed for the flip-flop operation. The state of the VCL can be set and reset by injecting signal pulses at two different wavelengths. The pulse power for both set and reset signal is only about 1 pJ. Short response times of about 150 ps are measured for storing and erasing.