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Dispersion-cancelled biological imaging and quantum nonlinear optics with shaped light pulses

Kevin J. Resch

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

I will introduce chirped-pulse interferometry and show how it can be applied to dispersion-cancelled optical coherence tomography. I will describe our recent results using chirped laser and single-photon pulses for compression of single photon spectra.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2013.qf1b.3

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Quantum information science promises transformative impact over a range of key technologies in computing, communication, and sensing. A prominent example uses entangled photons to overcome the resolution-degrading effects of dispersion in the medical-imaging technology, optical coherence tomography. The quantum solution introduces new challenges: inherently low signal and artifacts, additional unwanted signal features. It has recently been shown that entanglement is not a requirement for automatic dispersion cancellation. Such classical techniques could solve the low-signal problem, however they all still suffer from artifacts. Here, we introduce a method of chirped-pulse interferometry based on shaped laser pulses, and use it to produce artifact-free, high-resolution, dispersion-cancelled images of the internal structure of a biological sample. Our work fulfills one of the promises of quantum technologies: automatic-dispersion-cancellation interferometry in biomedical imaging. It also shows how subtle differences between a quantum technique and its classical analogue may have unforeseen, yet beneficial, consequences.
Here we report on a completely classical technique based on the time-reversal symmetry of quantum mechanics that achieves all the advantages of HOM interferometry by using oppositely-chirped laser pulses. Since our technique relies on classical lasers instead of entangled photons, it achieves these features with millions of times larger signal making it an attractive candidate for dispersion-free OCT. In particular, the visibility and width of the CPI interferogram is insensitive to dispersion and photon loss, and inherently robust against phase-fluctuations. Further, we achieve higher resolution than classical interferometers using the same bandwidth. On a fundamental level, our work emphasizes the importance of delineating truly quantum effects from those with classical analogues, and shows how insights gained from quantum mechanics can inspire novel classical technologies.