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Chinese Physics

Light-induced nonlinear effects on dispersion relation of ultracold Bose gas

Zhengfeng Hu, Chunguang Du, Shiqun Li

Published Mar 18, 2003• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We have investigated the optical properties of Λ-configuration ultracold dense Bose gas interacting with two laser pulses, which usually result in electromagnetically induced transparency. With the nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics and taking into account the atomic dipole-dipole interaction and local field effect, we have derived the Maxwell-Bloch equations of the system. The dispersion relation of an ultracold Bose gas has been obtained and the light-induced nonlinear effects have been analysed. The light-induced nonlinear effects are different from the effects induced by two-body collision of Bose-Einstein condensation atoms which have a frequency shift of transparent window.

DOI
10.1088/1009-1963/12/4/311

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We have investigated the optical properties of A-configuration ultracold dense Bose gas interacting with two laser pulses, which usually result in electromagnetically induced transparency. With the nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics and taking into account the atomic dipole-dipole interaction and local field effect, we have derived the Maxwell-Bloch equations of the system. The dispersion relation of an ultracold Bose gas has been obtained and the light-induced nonlinear effects have been analysed. The light-induced nonlinear effects are different from the effects induced by two-body collision of Bose-Einstein condensation atoms which have a frequency shift of transparent window.
The propagation of the electromagnetic field of a laser through a dense Bose gas is examined and nonlinear operator equations for the motion of the center of mass of the atoms are derived. The goal is to present a self-consistent set of coupled Maxwell-Bloch equations for atomic and electromagnetic fields generalized to include the atomic center-of-mass motion. Two effects are considered. The ultracold gas forms a medium for the Maxwell field which modifies its propagation properties. Combined herewith is the influence of the dipole-dipole interaction between atoms which leads to a density-dependent shift of the atomic transition frequency. It is expressed in a position-dependent detuning and is the reason for the nonlinearity. This results in a direct and physically transparent way from the quantum field-theoretical version of the local-field approach to electrodynamics in quantum media. The equations for the matter fields are general. Previously published nonlinear equations are obtained as limiting cases. As an atom-optical application the scattering of a dense beam of a Bose gas is studied in the Raman-Nath regime. The main conclusion is that for increasing density of the gas the dipole-dipole interaction suppresses or enhances the scattering depending on the sign of the detuning.
Starting from the first principles of nonrelativistic QED we have developed the quantum theory of the interaction of a two-component ultracold atomic ensemble with the electromagnetic field of vacuum and laser photons. The main attention has been paid to the consistent consideration of dynamical dipole-dipole interactions in the radiation field. Taking into account local-field effects we have derived the system of Maxwell-Bloch equations. Optical properties of the two-component Bose gas are investigated. It is shown that the refractive index of the gas is given by the Maxwell-Garnett formula. All equations which are used up to now for the description of the behavior of an ultracold atomic ensemble in a radiation field can be obtained from our general system of equations in the low-density limit. Raman-Nath diffraction of the two-component atomic beam is investigated on the basis of our general system of equations.
We have developed the quantum theory of the interaction of ultracold atomic ensemble with the electromagnetic field of vacuum and laser photons. The main attention is paid to the consistent consideration of dynamical dipole-dipole interactions in the case of the second quantized matter. We show that the retardation effects significantly influence the behavior of atomic ensemble in the radiation field. We have derived the general system of equations, which can be used for the investigation of various linear and nonlinear phenomena in atom optics. As an example, we have considered the diffraction of ultracold atomic beam by the standard laser wave. We show that with the increase of the initial density of the intensities of diffractions modes decrease. We also show that the angles of diffraction for different modes depend on the density.
We present the rigorous microscopic quantum theory of the interaction of ultracold Bose and Fermi gases with the electromagnetic field of vacuum and laser photons. The main attention has been paid to the consistent consideration of dynamical dipole-dipole interactions. The theory developed is shown to be consistent with the general principles of the canonical quantization of electromagnetic field in a medium. Starting from the first principles of QED we have derived the general system of Maxwell-Bloch equations for atomic creation and annihilation operators and the propagation equation for the laser field which can be used for the self-consistent analysis of various linear and nonlinear phenomena in atom optics at high densities of the atomic system. All known equations which are used for the description of the behaviour of an ultracold atomic ensemble in a radiation field can be obtained from our general system of equations in a low-density limit.