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arXiv:1208.0118 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Electromagnetically induced transparency and slow light in quantum degenerate atomic gases

H. H. Jen, Bo Xiong, Ite A. Yu, Daw-Wei Wang

Published Oct 9, 2013• 9 citations

Abstract

We systematically investigate the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and slow light properties in ultracold Bose and Fermi gases. It shows a very different property from the classical theory, which assumes frozen atomic motion. For example, the speed of light inside the atomic gases can be changed significantly near the Bose–Einstein condensation temperature, while the presence of the Fermi sea can destroy the EIT effect even at zero temperature. From an experimental point of view, such quantum EIT property is mostly manifested in the counterpropagating excitation schemes in either the low-lying Rydberg transition with a narrow linewidth or in the D2 transitions with a weak coupling field. We further investigate the interaction effects on the EIT for a weakly interacting Bose–Einstein condensate, showing an inhomogeneous broadening of the EIT profile and nontrivial change of the light speed due to the quantum depletion other than mean-field energy shifts.

DOI: 10.1364/josab.30.002855

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We systematically investigate the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and slow light properties in ultracold Bose and Fermi gases. It shows a very different property from the classical theory, which assumes frozen atomic motion. For example, the speed of light inside the atomic gases can be changed significantly near the Bose–Einstein condensation temperature, while the presence of the Fermi sea can destroy the EIT effect even at zero temperature. From an experimental point of view, such quantum EIT property is mostly manifested in the counterpropagating excitation schemes in either the low-lying Rydberg transition with a narrow linewidth or in the D2 transitions with a weak coupling field. We further investigate the interaction effects on the EIT for a weakly interacting Bose–Einstein condensate, showing an inhomogeneous broadening of the EIT profile and nontrivial change of the light speed due to the quantum depletion other than mean-field energy shifts.

We develop a general theory to study the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in ultracold quantum gases, applicable for both Bose and Fermi gases with an arbitrary interparticle interaction strength. We show that, in the weak probe field limit, the EIT spectrum is solely determined by the single-particle Green's function of the ground-state atoms, and reflects interesting quantum many-body effects when atoms are virtually coupled to the low-lying Rydberg states. As an example, we apply our theory to a one-dimensional Luttinger liquid, a Bose-Mott insulator state, and the superfluid state of two-component Fermi gases, and show how the many-body features can be observed nondestructively in the unconventional EIT spectrum.

We develop a general theory to study the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in ultracold quantum gases, applicable for both Bose and Fermi gases with arbitrary inter-particle interaction strength. We show that, in the weak probe field limit, the EIT spectrum is solely determined by the single particle Green's function of the ground state atoms, and reflects interesting quantum many-body effects when atoms are virtually coupled to the low-lying Rydberg states. As an example, we apply our theory to 1D Luttinger liquid, Bose-Mott insulator state, and the superfluid state of two-component Fermi gases, and show how the many-body features can be observed non-destructively in the unconventional EIT spectrum.

We report the measurement of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with Rydberg states in ultracold 40 K Fermi gases, which is obtained through a two-photon process with the ladder scheme.Rydberg-EIT lines are obtained by measuring the atomic losses instead of the transmitted probe beam.Based on the laser frequency stabilization locking to the superstable cavity, we study the Rydberg-EIT line shapes for the 37s and 35d states.We experimentally demonstrate the significant change in the Rydberg-EIT spectrum by changing the principal quantum number of the Rydberg state (n = 37=52 and l = 0).Moreover, the transparency peak position shift is observed, which may be induced by the interaction of the Rydberg atoms.This work provides a platform to explore many interesting behaviors involving Rydberg states in ultracold Fermi gases.

We consider the influence of the control and probe beams in the electromagnetically induced transparency configuration on the mechanical motion of ultracold atomic gases (atomic Bose-Einstein condensates or degenerate Fermi gases). We carry out a microscopic analysis of the interplay between radiation and matter and show that the two beams of light can provide an effective magnetic field acting on electrically neutral atoms in the case where the probe beam has an orbital angular momentum. As an example, we demonstrate how a Meissner-like effect can be created in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate.