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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

From decoherence-free channels to decoherence-free and quasi-free subspaces within bosonic dissipative networks

G. D. M. Neto, A. Cacheffo, Antonio S. M. de Castro, M. A. de Ponte, M. H. Y. Moussa

Published Jul 5, 2011• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a technique to build, within a dissipative bosonic network, decoherence-free channels (DFCs): a group of normal-mode oscillators with null effective damping rates. We verify that the states protected within the DFC define the well-known decoherence-free subspaces (DFSs) when mapped back into the natural network oscillators. Therefore, our technique to build protected normal-mode channels turns out to be an alternative way to build DFSs, which offers advantages over the conventional method. It enables the computation of all the network-protected states at once, as well as leading naturally to the concept of the decoherence quasi-free subspace (DQFS), inside which a superposition state is quasi-completely protected against decoherence. The concept of the DQFS, weaker than that of the DFS, may provide a more manageable mechanism to control decoherence. Finally, as an application of the DQFSs, we show how to build them for quasi-perfect state transfer in networks of coupled quantum dissipative oscillators.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/44/14/145502

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We present a technique to build, within a dissipative bosonic network, decoherence-free channels (DFCs): a group of normal-mode oscillators with null effective damping rates. We verify that the states protected within the DFC define the well-known decoherence-free subspaces (DFSs) when mapped back into the natural network oscillators. Therefore, our technique to build protected normal-mode channels turns out to be an alternative way to build DFSs, which offers advantages over the conventional method. It enables the computation of all the network-protected states at once, as well as leading naturally to the concept of the decoherence quasi-free subspace (DQFS), inside which a superposition state is quasi-completely protected against decoherence. The concept of the DQFS, weaker than that of the DFS, may provide a more manageable mechanism to control decoherence. Finally, as an application of the DQFSs, we show how to build them for quasi-perfect state transfer in networks of coupled quantum dissipative oscillators.
In this paper we provide a recipe for state protection in a network of oscillators under collective damping and diffusion. Our strategy is to manipulate the network topology, i.e., the way the oscillators are coupled together, the strength of their couplings, and their natural frequencies, in order to create a relaxation-diffusion-free channel. This protected channel defines a decoherence-free subspace (DFS) for nonzero-temperature reservoirs. Our development also furnishes an alternative approach to build up DFSs that offers two advantages over the conventional method: it enables the derivation of all the network-protected states at once, and also reveals, through the network normal modes, the mechanism behind the emergence of these protected domains.
Quantum superpositions can be used for parallel information processing, but only if protected against decoherence. A two-particle four-state system may have two-dimensional subspaces that are partially or completely decoherence-free, e.g., the symmetric triplet state as an example of the former, the anti-symmetric singlet state of the latter. By extension, a multiparticle system that in the laboratory basis is plagued by decoherence may in some other basis exhibit the symmetries that yield such decoherence-free subspaces (DFS's). Fully-interacting many-fermion spin 1/2 networks may be mathematically transformed to a more tractable many-to-one (or -to-some) variant. This paper applies such a transformation to a hypothetical network of boson-like operators and then argues that a fully-interacting particle number-preserving network of bosons plus fermions with supersymmetric degrees of freedom may be more plausibly exploited so as to contain DFS's. Physical systems that in some basis are inherently anti-symmetric are already known to be useful for quantum information processing. Supersymmetric systems may be likewise.
The interaction of quantum emitters with one-dimensional photon-like reservoirs induces strong and long-range dissipative couplings that give rise to the emergence of the so-called decoherence free subspaces (DFSs) which are decoupled from dissipation. When introducing weak perturbations on the emitters, e.g., driving, the strong collective dissipation enforces an effective coherent evolution within the DFS. In this work, we show explicitly how by introducing single-site resolved drivings, we can use the effective dynamics within the DFS to design a universal set of one and two-qubit gates within the DFS of an ensemble of two-level atom-like systems. Using Liouvillian perturbation theory we calculate the scaling with the relevant figures of merit of the systems, such as the Purcell factor and imperfect control of the drivings. Finally, we compare our results with previous proposals using atomic Λ systems in leaky cavities.
In this paper we propose a scheme for quasi-perfect state transfer in a network of dissipative harmonic oscillators. We consider ideal sender and receiver oscillators connected by a chain of nonideal transmitter oscillators coupled by nearest-neighbor resonances. From the algebraic properties of the dynamical quantities describing the evolution of the network state, we derive a criterion, fixing the coupling strengths between all the oscillators, apart from their natural frequencies, enabling perfect state transfer in the particular case of ideal transmitter oscillators. Our criterion provides an easily manipulated formula enabling perfect state transfer in the special case where the network nonidealities are disregarded. By adjusting the common frequency of the sender and the receiver oscillators to be out of resonance with that of the transmitters, we demonstrate that the sender's state tunnels to the receiver oscillator by virtually exciting the nonideal transmitter chain. This virtual process makes negligible the decay rate associated with the transmitter line on the expenses of delaying the time interval for the state transfer process. Apart from our analytical results, numerical computations are presented to illustrate our protocol.
We develop a framework to construct large decoherence-free subspaces with a nontrivial structure. The construction is based on hybrid quantum systems in which quantum matter is coupled to a dissipative bosonic mode. Dissipation imposes a global constraint on the matter by selecting the matter null states in the long-time limit. The decoherence-free subspaces spanned by matter null states can exhibit exotic quantum properties and emergent symmetries that do not characterize the full Liouvillian dynamics. We show how to construct many-body operators with physically interesting null states by employing representation theory of Lie algebras. This approach allows us to choose models based on their underlying algebraic structure. We consider explicitly the example of coupling a lossy optical cavity to the directed tunneling operator in one-dimension. In this case, the symmetries of the decoherence-free subspace originate in an sl(2,C)\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb{C})sl(2,C) algebra, leading to an exponentially large number of steady states. We characterize the null states for both fermionic and bosonic particles, employing analytical and numerical methods. The states exhibit several properties that underline their complex quantum nature: long-range kinetic correlations and volume-law entanglement. The nonreciprocal nature of the directed tunneling dynamics leads to the emergence in the many-body regime of a symmetry-constrained Liouvillian skin effect. The open light-matter system exhibits a strong symmetry stemming from spinless ηηη-pairing algebras. We show how the nontrivial properties emerge in the dissipative dynamics from generic initial states, by performing the quantum evolution of the hybrid open system with time-dependent matrix product state. Our framework opens avenues for dissipatively engineering complex quantum correlations and harnessing nonreciprocity in a controlled manner.
The interaction of quantum emitters with one-dimensional photon-like reservoirs induces strong and long-range dissipative couplings that give rise to the emergence of the so-called decoherence free subspaces (DFSs) which are decoupled from dissipation.When introducing weak perturbations on the emitters, e.g., driving, the strong collective dissipation enforces an effective coherent evolution within the DFS.In this work, we show explicitly how by introducing single-site resolved drivings, we can use the effective dynamics within the DFS to design a universal set of one and two-qubit gates within the DFS of an ensemble of two-level atom-like systems.Using Liouvillian perturbation theory we calculate the scaling with the relevant figures of merit of the systems, such as the Purcell factor and imperfect control of the drivings.Finally, we compare our results with previous proposals using atomic Λ systems in leaky cavities.