Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Band-anisotropy induced Bloch–Siegert shift in graphene

Upendra Kumar, Vipin Kumar, Enamullah Enamullah, Girish S. Setlur

Published Nov 15, 2014• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, we study the well-known phenomenon of the Bloch–Siegert shift, paying special attention to the change in the resonance condition of anomalous Rabi oscillations that are peculiar to graphene. The inclusion of frequency doubling (counter-rotating terms) in the conventional rotating wave approximation leads to a rather small shift in the resonance condition which forms the conventional Bloch–Siegert shift. In case of anomalous Rabi oscillations, however, band anisotropy caused by the inclusion of next-nearest neighbor hopping together with frequency doubling or the Rashba effect leads to a Bloch–Siegert shift which is quite substantial (in percentage terms, actually infinite), lending credence to the claim that the anomalous Rabi oscillation is sensitive to qualitative changes in the low energy band structure of graphene and as such is a useful indicator of the chiral massless Dirac fermion nature of quasiparticles in graphene.

DOI
10.1364/josab.31.003042

Related papers

Effect of the Bloch-Siegert Shift on the Frequency Responses of Rabi Oscillations in the Case of Nutation Resonance

A. P. Saǐko, Fedoruk, G. G.

The dynamics of a two-level spin system dressed by bichromatic radiation is studied under the conditions of double resonance when the frequency of one (microwave) field is equal to the Larmor frequency of the spin system and the frequency of the other (radio-frequency) field ω_{rf} is close to the Rabi frequency ω_{1} in a micro-wave field. It is shown theoretically that Rabi oscillations between dressed-spin states with the frequency εare accompanied by higher-frequency oscillations at frequencies nω_{rf} and nω_{rf}\pm ε, where n = 1, 2, .... The most intense among these are the signals corresponding to n = 1. The counter-rotating (antiresonance) components of the RF field give rise to a shift of the dressed-state energy, i.e., to a frequency shift similar to the Bloch-Siegert shift. In particular, this shift is manifested as the dependence of the Rabi-oscillation frequency εon the sign of the detuning ω{1} -ω{rf} from resonance. In the case of double resonance, the oscillation amplitude is asymmetric; i.e., the amplitude at the sum frequency ω_{rf} +εincreases, while the amplitude at the difference frequency ω_{rf} -εdecreases. The predicted effects are confirmed by observations of the nutation signals of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of centers in quartz and should be taken into account to realize qubits with a low Rabi frequency in solids.

arXiv:0806.0534•Jun 3, 2008•0 citations

Rabi oscillations in trilayer graphene

Enamullah Enamullah, Vipin Kumar, Girish S. Setlur

We study the nonlinear optical phenomenon, Rabi oscillations in trilayer graphene in presence of an optical field in two different regime - close to resonance and far from resonance. Close to resonance means when the incident optical frequency is nearly equal to transition frequency. We find the Rabi frequency in both the regime - near to resonance conventional Rabi frequency (CRF) is obtained by an approximation well known as rotating wave approximation (RWA). Far from resonance, anomalous Rabi frequency (ARF), unique to grapheme, is obtained using an alternative of RWA called asymptotic RWA (ARWA), introduced by us for single layer graphene. The existence of anomalous Rabi oscillation (ARO) is attributable to a peculiar property of graphene, namely, pseudo spin.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2013•0 citations

Effect of the Bloch-Siegert shift on the frequency responses of Rabi oscillations in the case of nutation resonance

A. P. Saǐko, Г. Г. Федорук

The dynamics of a two-level spin system dressed by bichromatic radiation is studied under the conditions of double resonance when the frequency of one (microwave) field is equal to the Larmor frequency of the spin system and the frequency of the other (radio-frequency) field ω rf is close to the Rabi frequency ω 1 in a microwave field. It is shown theoretically that Rabi oscillations between dressed-spin states with the frequency ɛ are accompanied by higher-frequency oscillations at frequencies n ω rf and n ω rf ± ɛ, where n = 1, 2,.... The most intense among these are the signals corresponding to n = 1. The counter-rotating (antiresonance) components of the RF field give rise to a shift of the dressed-state energy, i.e., to a frequency shift similar to the Bloch-Siegert shift. In particular, this shift is manifested as the dependence of the Rabi-oscillation frequency ɛ on the sign of the detuning ω 1 − ω rf from resonance. In the case of double resonance, the oscillation amplitude is asymmetric; i.e., the amplitude at the sum frequency ω rf + ɛ increases, while the amplitude at the difference frequency ω rf − ɛ decreases. The predicted effects are confirmed by observations of the nutation signals of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of E ′ 1 centers in quartz and should be taken into account to realize qubits with a low Rabi frequency in solids.

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters•Apr 1, 2008•25 citations

Conventional and anomalous quantum Rabi oscillations in graphene

Enamullah Enamullah, Vipin Kumar, Upendra Kumar +1 more

We study the non linear response of graphene in presence of quantum field in two different regimes. Far from resonance, using our new technique asymptotic rotating wave approximation (ARWA), we obtained that the matter field interaction leads to the slow oscillations like conventional Rabi oscillations observed in conventional semiconductors using well known rotating wave approximation (RWA). The Rabi frequency obtained in both the regimes.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2014•0 citations

Quantum Rabi oscillations in graphene

Enamullah Enamullah, Vipin Kumar, Upendra Kumar +1 more

Graphene has been theoretically shown to exhibit anomalous Rabi oscillations (AROs) far from resonance in addition to conventional Rabi oscillations close to resonance (classical light frequency matches particle-hole frequency). The ARO has been attributed to the pseudospin degree of freedom that is unique to graphene-like systems. In this work, we show the same phenomenon also occurs in the single-photon limit or even in a vacuum. This is to be expected for conventional Rabi oscillations; however, the prediction that AROs also occur in the single-photon situation means that this notion of ARO is robust and not an artifact of approximations. We also study collapse and revival of both conventional and AROs in response to a coherent radiation field and extract the collapse and revival times in both cases.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Feb 11, 2014•22 citations

Fundamental limitation on qubit operations due to the Bloch-Siegert Oscillation

M. S. Shahriar, Prabhakar Pradhan

We show that if the Rabi frequency is comparable to the Bohr frequency so that the rotating wave approximation is inappropriate, an extra oscillation is present with the Rabi oscillation. We discuss how the sensitivity of the degree of excitation to the phase of the field may pose severe constraints on precise rotations of quantum bits involving low-frequency transitions. We present a scheme for observing this effect in an atomic beam.

arXiv:quant-ph/0212121•Dec 20, 2002•5 citations
In this work, we study the well-known phenomenon of the Bloch–Siegert shift, paying special attention to the change in the resonance condition of anomalous Rabi oscillations that are peculiar to graphene. The inclusion of frequency doubling (counter-rotating terms) in the conventional rotating wave approximation leads to a rather small shift in the resonance condition which forms the conventional Bloch–Siegert shift. In case of anomalous Rabi oscillations, however, band anisotropy caused by the inclusion of next-nearest neighbor hopping together with frequency doubling or the Rashba effect leads to a Bloch–Siegert shift which is quite substantial (in percentage terms, actually infinite), lending credence to the claim that the anomalous Rabi oscillation is sensitive to qualitative changes in the low energy band structure of graphene and as such is a useful indicator of the chiral massless Dirac fermion nature of quasiparticles in graphene.
The dynamics of a two-level spin system dressed by bichromatic radiation is studied under the conditions of double resonance when the frequency of one (microwave) field is equal to the Larmor frequency of the spin system and the frequency of the other (radio-frequency) field ω_{rf} is close to the Rabi frequency ω_{1} in a micro-wave field. It is shown theoretically that Rabi oscillations between dressed-spin states with the frequency εare accompanied by higher-frequency oscillations at frequencies nω_{rf} and nω_{rf}\pm ε, where n = 1, 2, .... The most intense among these are the signals corresponding to n = 1. The counter-rotating (antiresonance) components of the RF field give rise to a shift of the dressed-state energy, i.e., to a frequency shift similar to the Bloch-Siegert shift. In particular, this shift is manifested as the dependence of the Rabi-oscillation frequency εon the sign of the detuning ω{1} -ω{rf} from resonance. In the case of double resonance, the oscillation amplitude is asymmetric; i.e., the amplitude at the sum frequency ω_{rf} +εincreases, while the amplitude at the difference frequency ω_{rf} -εdecreases. The predicted effects are confirmed by observations of the nutation signals of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of centers in quartz and should be taken into account to realize qubits with a low Rabi frequency in solids.
We study the nonlinear optical phenomenon, Rabi oscillations in trilayer graphene in presence of an optical field in two different regime - close to resonance and far from resonance. Close to resonance means when the incident optical frequency is nearly equal to transition frequency. We find the Rabi frequency in both the regime - near to resonance conventional Rabi frequency (CRF) is obtained by an approximation well known as rotating wave approximation (RWA). Far from resonance, anomalous Rabi frequency (ARF), unique to grapheme, is obtained using an alternative of RWA called asymptotic RWA (ARWA), introduced by us for single layer graphene. The existence of anomalous Rabi oscillation (ARO) is attributable to a peculiar property of graphene, namely, pseudo spin.
The dynamics of a two-level spin system dressed by bichromatic radiation is studied under the conditions of double resonance when the frequency of one (microwave) field is equal to the Larmor frequency of the spin system and the frequency of the other (radio-frequency) field ω rf is close to the Rabi frequency ω 1 in a microwave field. It is shown theoretically that Rabi oscillations between dressed-spin states with the frequency ɛ are accompanied by higher-frequency oscillations at frequencies n ω rf and n ω rf ± ɛ, where n = 1, 2,.... The most intense among these are the signals corresponding to n = 1. The counter-rotating (antiresonance) components of the RF field give rise to a shift of the dressed-state energy, i.e., to a frequency shift similar to the Bloch-Siegert shift. In particular, this shift is manifested as the dependence of the Rabi-oscillation frequency ɛ on the sign of the detuning ω 1 − ω rf from resonance. In the case of double resonance, the oscillation amplitude is asymmetric; i.e., the amplitude at the sum frequency ω rf + ɛ increases, while the amplitude at the difference frequency ω rf − ɛ decreases. The predicted effects are confirmed by observations of the nutation signals of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of E ′ 1 centers in quartz and should be taken into account to realize qubits with a low Rabi frequency in solids.
Graphene has been theoretically shown to exhibit anomalous Rabi oscillations (AROs) far from resonance in addition to conventional Rabi oscillations close to resonance (classical light frequency matches particle-hole frequency). The ARO has been attributed to the pseudospin degree of freedom that is unique to graphene-like systems. In this work, we show the same phenomenon also occurs in the single-photon limit or even in a vacuum. This is to be expected for conventional Rabi oscillations; however, the prediction that AROs also occur in the single-photon situation means that this notion of ARO is robust and not an artifact of approximations. We also study collapse and revival of both conventional and AROs in response to a coherent radiation field and extract the collapse and revival times in both cases.