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Lettere al nuovo cimento della societa italiana di fisica/Lettere al nuovo cimento

Field-theoretic approach to atomic transitions involving excited states

E. Ficocelli Varracchio

Published Jun 1, 1979• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf02776234

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Abstract In this paper, we present a theoretical investigation of multiphoton processes between a single atom and a multimode optical or microwave field. At first, we examine two-photon excitation, which involves the simultaneous excitation of two photons in different cavity modes by a single atom. We demonstrate that when the transition frequency of an atom is equal to the sum of the frequencies of two cavity modes, there exists a resonant coupling between the atom and the two-mode cavity field, which leads to the simultaneous excitation of the two cavity photons with the atom initially in its excited state. Moreover, we found that this coupling is coherent and reversible, allowing the atom initially in the ground state to simultaneously absorb all the photons from the cavities and transit to its excited state. Finally, we also show that this coherent interaction, in principle, can be extended to describe multiphoton processes between a single atom and a multimode cavity field, such as a three-mode cavity. The parameters used in the numerical simulation are based on the experimentally demonstrated values in circuit quantum electrodynamics systems.
Radiative transitions are quantum-state transitions in matter quantum systems (such as atoms， ions， and molecules) caused by their interaction with the electromagnetic field， and accompanied by the emission or absorption of photons.Their theoretical description involves physical theories including quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics， as well as mathematical tools such as spherical tensors and group theory.Focusing on radiative transitions of doped ions in solids， this paper summarizes earlier related theories and aims to concisely introduce fundamental theories and mathematical expressions while maintaining rigor， and to clearly describe the underlying physical pictures and mechanisms.The topics covered include atomic quantum states， the quantized electromagnetic field， multipole radiative transitions and selection rules， stimulated absorption， stimulated emission and spontaneous emission， transition probability and excited-state lifetimes.The article also discusses f-f and 4f-5d transitions of rare-earth ions and dd transitions of transition-metal ions， involving Judd -Ofelt theory， crystal-field theory， electronvibration coupling， and the Dorenbos model， as well as statistical analysis， machine learning， and firstprinciples methods.This work may provide a theoretical reference for the study of rare-earth-and transition-metaldoped luminescent materials.Keywords： radiative transition； theory； physical picture； f-f transition； d-d transition； 4f-5d transition 文章编号： 1000-7032(XXXX)XX
In this contribution quantum-effects in the radiation-atom interaction will be reviewed. It is well known that most of the phenomena involving laser light can be described by semi-classical methods however phenomena such as laser noise the spectra and photon statistics of resonance fluorescence and the interaction of atoms in the single-atom maser require a quantization of the radiation field. In this paper we will describe results on the latter two effects. We will start with the discussion of resonance fluorescence. 1. RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE The resonant interaction of laser light with atomic systems has received considerable theoretical and experimental attention over the past decade. Until the advent of the laser light sources for spectroscopy consisted of ordinary spectral lamps excited by DC or RF discharges and produced light having a very broad spectral width and hence very short correlation time and a relatively low intensity. For such fields both the experimental and theoretical results are in general well understood. However the development of the laser made available light sources which are sufficiently intense that an atomic (or molecular) transition can be very easily saturated. In addition the lasers are highly monochromatic having a coherence time much greater than typical natural lifetimes of excited atomic states and finally tunable making it possible to selectively excite particular atomic transitions. The theoretical analysis of this physical situation requires the use of techniques more general than