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Acta Physica Polonica A

Geometric Phase for Analytically Solvable Driven Time-Dependent Two-Level Quantum Systems

Istok P. Mendaš, Nikola Burić, Duska B Popovic, Slobodan Prvanović, Milan Radonjić

Published Aug 1, 2014• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Geometric phase for novel analytical solutions (Barnes and Das Sarma) of time-dependent two-level quantum systems is discussed, specically for a general single-axis driving term, which is represented by a function J(t) in the Hamiltonian, and its corresponding evolution operator.It is demonstrated how general results for corresponding phases (total, dynamic and geometric) can be obtained.Using a specic case, it was found that over time in which the driving eld is appreciably dierent from zero, the corresponding geometric phase changes (in the specic example by ∆β ≈ 0.8 radians) thus enabling detection.The results are relevant to qubit control and to quantum computing applications.

DOI
10.12693/aphyspola.126.670

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Geometric phase for novel analytical solutions (Barnes and Das Sarma) of time-dependent two-level quantum systems is discussed, specically for a general single-axis driving term, which is represented by a function J(t) in the Hamiltonian, and its corresponding evolution operator.It is demonstrated how general results for corresponding phases (total, dynamic and geometric) can be obtained.Using a specic case, it was found that over time in which the driving eld is appreciably dierent from zero, the corresponding geometric phase changes (in the specic example by ∆β ≈ 0.8 radians) thus enabling detection.The results are relevant to qubit control and to quantum computing applications.
Analytical solutions to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation describing a driven two-level system are invaluable to many areas of physics, but they are also extremely rare. Here, we present a simple algorithm that generates an unlimited number of exact analytical solutions. We show that a general single-axis driving term and its corresponding evolution operator are determined by a single real function which is constrained only by a certain inequality and initial conditions. Any function satisfying these constraints yields an exact analytical solution. We demonstrate this method by presenting several new exact solutions to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Our general method and many of the new solutions we present are particularly relevant to qubit control in quantum computing applications.
A simple systematic way of obtaining analytically solvable Hamiltonians for quantum two-level systems is presented. In this method, a time-dependent Hamiltonian and the resulting unitary evolution operator are connected through an arbitrary function of time, furnishing us with new analytically solvable cases. The method is surprisingly simple, direct, and transparent and is applicable to a wide class of two-level Hamiltonians with no involved constraint on the input function. A few examples illustrate how the method leads to simple solvable Hamiltonians and dynamics.
We investigate a class of cyclic evolutions for %the cyclic evolution of driven two-level quantum systems (effective spin-1/2) with a particular focus on the geometric characteristics of the driving and their specific imprints on the quantum dynamics. By introducing the concept of geometric field curvature for any field trajectory in the parameter space we are able to unveil underlying patterns in the overall quantum behavior: the knowledge of the field curvature provides a non-standard and fresh access to the interrelation between field and spin trajectories, and the corresponding quantum phases acquired in non-adiabatic cyclic evolutions. In this context, we single out setups in which the driving field curvature can be employed to demonstrate a pure geometric control of the quantum phases. Furthermore, the driving field curvature can be naturally exploited to introduce the geometrical torque and derive a general expression for the total quantum phase acquired in a cycle. Remarkably, such relation allows to access the mechanisms controlling the changeover of the quantum phase across a topological transition and to disentangle the role of the spin and field topological windings. As for implementations, we discuss a series of physical systems and platforms to demonstrate how the geometric control of the quantum phases can be realized for pendular field drivings. This includes setups based on superconducting islands coupled to a Josephson junction and inversion asymmetric nanochannels with suitably tailored geometric shapes.
We derive a solution for a two-level system evolving adiabatically under the influence of a driving field, which includes open system effects. This solution, which is obtained by working in the representation corresponding to the eigenstates of the time-dependent Hermitian Hamiltonian, enables the dynamic and geometric phases of the evolving density matrix to be separated. The dynamic phase can be canceled in the limit of weak coupling to the environment, thereby allowing the geometric phase to be readily extracted both mathematically and operationally.
Abstract It is well known that the time-dependent Schrrödinger equation can only be solved exactly in very rare cases, even for two-level quantum systems. Thus, finding the exact quantum dynamics under a time-dependent Hamiltonian is not only fundamentally important in quantum physics but also facilitates active quantum manipulations for quantum information processing. In this work, we present a method for generating nearly infinite analytically assisted solutions to the Schrödinger equation for a qubit under time-dependent driving. These analytically assisted solutions feature free parameters with only boundary restrictions, making them applicable in a variety of precise quantum manipulations. Due to the general form of the time-dependent Hamiltonian in our approach, it can be readily implemented in various experimental setups involving qubits. Consequently, our scheme offers new solutions to the Schrödinger equation, providing an alternative analytical framework for precise control over qubits.
Geometric phase that manifests itself in number of optic and nuclear experiments is shown to be a useful tool for realization of quantum computations in so called holonomic quantum computer model (HQCM). This model is considered as an externally driven quantum system with adiabatic evolution law and finite number of the energy levels. The corresponding evolution operators represent quantum gates of HQCM. The explicit expression for the gates is derived both for one-qubit and for multi-qubit quantum gates as Abelian and non-Abelian geometric phases provided the energy levels to be time-independent or in other words for rotational adiabatic evolution of the system. Application of non-adiabatic geometric-like phases in quantum computations is also discussed for a Caldeira-Legett-type model (one-qubit gates) and for the spin 3/2 quadrupole NMR model (two-qubit gates). Generic quantum gates for these two models are derived. The possibility of construction of the universal quantum gates in both cases is shown.